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I!linois**Dept.  cf  Public  Health" 
Division  cH  Child  Huciene  and 
Public  Health  Nursing. 
Better  tabu  conference. 


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b  GOV  '.DOC'S. 

HtaVi  & 


N.  Y.  STATE  MEDICAL  LIBRA. 

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ILLINOIS  DEPARTMENT  OF  PUBLIC  HEALTH 
Isaac  D.  Rawlings,  M.  D., 

Director 
Springfield,  Ill. 


Better  Baby  Conference 


What  it  is — Why  it  is 

c 


How  to  Organize  and  Conduct  it 

7 

- - 

HEIGHT  AND  WEIGHT  CHARTS  FOR  CHILDREN 


Prepared  by 

DIVISION  OF  CHILD  HYGIENE  AND 
PUBLIC  HEALTH  NURSING 


Dr.  C.  W.  East,  Superintendent  of  Division. 


(Additional  copies  supplied  on  request  addressed  to  Dr.  Isaac  D.  Rawlings,  Director 

of  Public  Health,  Springfield,  Ill.) 


1  ;  •  ‘ 

[Printed  by  authority  of  the  State  of  Illinois.] 

/  ,  -  ■ 


ILLINOIS  PRINTING  CO.,  DANVILLE, 


(66902— 3  M— 4-22) 


ILL. 


4 

A  BETTER  BABIES  CONTEST 

Within  the  past  five  years  there  has  been  an  astonishing  awak¬ 
ening  as  to  the  importance  of  devoting  more  attention  to  babies  for' 
the  purpose  of  producing  a  better  physical  and  intellectual  type  of 
men  and  women.  To  direct  this  interest  into  a  channel  which  would 
be  productive  of  practical  results  it  was  found  necessary  to  edu¬ 
cate  parents  as  to  what  constitutes  a  sound  baby  or  a  normal  baby. 
It  was  essential  that  there  should  be  some  standards  toward  which 
mothers  should  strive  and  it  was  found  that  the  opinions  in  this 
regard  entertained  by  large  numbers  of  intelligent  people  were  far 
from  satisfactory. 

Just  as  physical  culture  enthusiasts  among  adults  strove  for 
muscular  development  which  approached  deformity  rather  than 
natural  development,  so  it  was  found  that  mothers  were  striving  for 
mere  fatness,  for  abnormal  ifiiysical  and  mental  accomplishment.. 
The  prevailing  aim  was  overdevelopment  rather  than  normal  de¬ 
velopment,  and,  not  infrequently,  the  overdevelopment  desired  was 
not  of  a  kind  that  would  give  promise  of  a  thoroughly  satisfactory 
child. 

It  was  on  account  of  the  demand  for  “the  visualization  of  knowlfi 
edge’7  about  babies  that  the  Better  Babies  Conferences  sprungy 
into  such  universal  favor.  At  such  conferences,  conducted  in  a  man-' 
ner  which  imposes  no  hardship  upon  the  child,  expert  physicians 
pass  upon  the  physical  and  mental  standing  of  individual  babies,' 
employing  scientific  methods  in  reaching  their  conclusions.  The 
methods  are  exact  and  the  parent  is  rewarded  for  a  little  effort  by 
a  definite  opinion  of  his  child’s  good  points  and  his  shortcomings. 
This  opinion  is  given  in  terms  that  are  “standardized” — that  is,  the 
contests  conducted  throughout  the  nation  are  so  generally  uniform 
that  the  scoring  in  one  locality  has  its  value  in  other  localities! 
Further,  the  baby  contest,  aside  from  its  practical  value,  bringS 
into  play  the  natural  parental  pride,  the  spirit  of  friendly  rivalry 
and  the  interest  of  all  persons  directly  or  indirectly  connected  with 
the  contestants. 

Perhaps  greater  than  the  value  to  the  individual  child  is  the 
benefit  to  the  child  yet  unborn  and  to  child  life  as  a  whole — the  cen¬ 
tering  of  intelligent  interest  in  children  and  in  their  sane  and  ra¬ 
tional  development. 

Object  i 

The  Better  Babies  Contest  is  a  popular  yet  scientific  movement 
to  insure  better  babies  and  a  better  race.  Physical  and  mental  de¬ 
velopment  only  are  considered :  mere  beauty  does  not  count. 

The  Better  Babies  Contest  makes  for  a  better  race  of  Americans 
because  it  teaches  parents  how  to  improve  the  physical  condition  ojf 
children  already  born  and  to  protect  those  yet  unborn. 

It  arouses  interest  in  the  conservation  of  child  life  and 
and  in  all  forms  of  child  welfare  work. 


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It  forges  a  connecting  link  between  parents  and  teachers,  be¬ 
tween  the  home  and  scientific  study  of  child  life. 

It  promotes  civic  interest  in  children  of  the  community,  their 
schools  and  their  recreations. 

And,  finally,  by  means  of  a  uniform  score  card  it  will  supply  to 
the  medical  profession  what  has  long  been  wanting, — scientific  data 
'concerning  the  normal  child. 

The  Better  Babies  Contest  is  most  valuable  to  the  community 
when  it  is  conducted  along  educational  rather  than  competitive  lines. 
The  greatest  return  which  parents  and  children  secure  from  the 
contest  is  more  knowledge  and  better  care  through  the  examination 
of  the  child  by  competent  physicians. 

Parents  leave  the  contest  knowing  more  about  their  children 
than  they  ever  knew  before  and  the  children  are  given  a  better  start 
in  life  because  of  the  knowledge  gained  by  the  parents.  If  this  mat¬ 
ter  can  be  brought  clearly  before  the  parents  and  if  children  are  en¬ 
tered  not  for  prizes  but  for  information  and  help  the  contest  will 
be  placed  on  the  highest  possible  plane. 

We,  therefore,  urge  that  no  prizes  of  cash  or  merchandise  be 
given  but  that  the  money  which  would  be  spent  for  this  purpose  be 
used  for  installing  an  educational  exhibit  or  in  doing  some  infant 
and  child  welfare  work  in  the  community.  The  medals  and  certifi¬ 
cates  presented  are  highly  prized  by  the  parents  and  will  draw  a 
large  number  of  entries. 

Better  Baby  Conferences  can  be  effectively  carried  out  in  a 
small  way  by  a  half  dozen  people  quietly  working  through  some  in¬ 
terested  organization  or  they  can  be  made  the  center  of  a  welfare 
lovement  in  which  hundreds  of  persons  can  have  a  part.  In  coll¬ 
ection  with  the  scoring  contests  can  be  held  exhibits,  lectures, 
Lotion  picture  shows,  sermons,  demonstrations  and  educational 
1  fork  looking  toward  permanent  welfare  organization.  For  the 
,  community  in  which  there  has  never  been  inaugurated  systematic 
and  organized  public  health  and  social  service  work  nothing  makes 
a  more  stimulating  appeal  to  the  public  or  a  sounder  foundation 
v  for  later  activitv  than  contests  of  this  kind. 

The  scoring  contest  may  be  made  the  nucleus  of  a  welfare  cam¬ 
paign  which  may  be  broadened  to  include  all  problems  of  children 
up  to  six  years  of  age;  the  better  care  of  women  before  and  at  con¬ 
finement  (since  the  welfare  of  babies  can  not  well  be  separated  from 
the  welfare  of  their  mothers)  ;  proper  birth  registration  and  what 
it  means  to  the  baby  as  well  as  the  community;  the  prevention  of 
blindness  ;  child  labor  legislation,  the  midwife  problem,  etc.,  etc. 

A  baby  conference  can  be  conducted  by  a  woman’s  club  with 
volunteer  services  from  physicians  and  nurses  or  it  can  embrace 
sc  ores  of  active  organizations  working  together  for  weeks  in  a  project 
community- wide  in  character.  Any  baby  contest,  large  or  small,  can 
be  successful  if  it  is  carefully  planned,  backed  by  popular  organ¬ 
izations  and  carried  out  with  system.  Whether  it  be  large  or  small, 
however,  to  guarantee  success,  every  detail  must  be  carefully  worked 
out  and  all  complications  and  difficulties  must  be  anticipated. 


4 


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/ 


The  plan  given  here  is  merely  suggestive.  It  can  be  elaborated 
or  simplified  to  suit  the  needs  of  any  particular  community. 

.  '  Organization 

The  Better  Baby  Conference,  to  be  successful,  should  be  given 
under  the  auspices  of  some  organization  interested  in  the  public 
health  and  community  welfare;  but  it  should  have  the  support  and 
cooperation  of  all  agencies  interested  in  child  welfare  work  as  well 
as  those  interested  in  community  betterment.  The  contest  should 
be  made  to  appeal  to  all  classes,  colors  and  creeds.  In  it  social 
lines  should  not  appear  nor  should  it  in  any  way  savor  of  the  patron¬ 
age  of  the  poorer  classes  by  those  more  fortunately  situated.  As  in 
all  other  features  of  public  health  work  rich  and  poor  are  upon  the 
same  plane  and  are  of  equal  importance. 

In  perfecting  the  organization  the  list  should  be  headed  by  the 
mavor  and  other  citv  officials.  Both  the  district  and  the  local, 
health  superintendent  should  be  consulted  and  should  be  asked  to 
take  an  important  part.  Their  official  cooperation  may  mean  much 
to  the  enterprise,  as  may  that  of  the  county  medical  society  and  the 
physicians  of  the  community.  Cooperation  and  support  should  be 
secured  from  the  woman’s  club,  the  churches,  school  teachers,  par¬ 
ents  or  patrons’  clubs,  nurses’  associations,  the  charity  organizations 
and  social  settlements,  the  Y.  M.  C.  A.  and  the  Y.  W.  C.  A.,  the  camp¬ 
fire  girls  and  the  boy  scouts,  labor  unions  and  fraternal  organiza¬ 
tions.  The  newspapers  should  be  urged  to  give  their  cordial  sup¬ 
port.  In  most  communities  in  which  contests  have  been  held  they 
have  proven  the  livest  sort  of  news  for  the  local  press.  The  cliambe 
of  commerce  or  such  other  league  of  business  men  as  there  may  1 
in  the  community  will  usually  endorse  the  contest  and,  not  n 
frequently,  will  assist  in  financing  it. 

If  the  presidents  or  representatives  of  all  of  these  organizations 
will  serve  as  members  of  an  honorary  committee  the  force  of  the 
movement  will  be  greatly  increased;  but  practical  experience  indi¬ 
cates  that  such  an  honorary  committee  must  not  be  relied  upon  for  a 
great  part  of  the  actual  work  of  the  undertaking. 

In  communities  in  which  many  of  these  organizations  do  not 
exist  it  is  still  possible  to  carry  on  successful  contests.  The  orgai  - 
izations  that  do  exist  can  be  banded  together  and  the  town  with 
cooperating  churches,  woman’s  club  and  newspaper  has  the  nucleus 
for  a  strong  better  baby  movement. 

One  of  the  great  benefits  to  be  derived  from  the  contest  is  the 
fact  that  it  may  bring  together  so  many  organizations  and  individ¬ 
uals  in  the  community  for  a  common  aim  and  that  aim  such  a  vitally 
important  one. 

The  Appointment  of  an  Efficient  Executive  Committee  is 
the  first  and  one  of  the  most  important  steps  in  launching  a  Better 
Baby  Conference.  This  committee  should  be  made  up  of  individuals 
who  can  secure  the  cooperation  of  other  agencies.  They  should  plan 
all  of  the  details  and  direct  all  arrangements  before  and  during  the 


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X 


ontest.  They  should  appoint  all  other  committees  (or  committee 
chairmen)  and  have  general  oversight  of  the  work  of  all  commit¬ 
tees.  '  * 

The  executive  committee  should  have  permanent  headquarters 
c  ent  rally  located  and  open  to  inquiries  by  mail  or  telephone  for  some 
time  (usually  for  two  or  three  weeks)  before  the  contest. 

The  Number  and  Size  of  Committees  must  depend  upon  the 
scope  of  the  plan.  Under  the  executive  committee  there  should  be 
a  committee  on  place  and  equipment,  a  publicity  committee,  a  regis- 
rration  or  entries  committee,  an  examining  and  scoring  committee,  a 
committee  on  awards,  a  committee  on  exhibits  and  demonstrations,  a 
committee  on  lectures  and  a  committee  on  follow-up  work.  This 
committee  on  follow-up  work  will  have  much  to  do  with  the  estab¬ 
lishment  of  permanent  child  welfare  work  in  the  community,  if  that 
is  contemplated,  or  with  the  comparative  ratings  of  babies  if  it  is 
planned  to  hold  the  contest  from  year  to  year  with  the  same  babies 
undergoing  subsequent  examinations. 

Sometimes  a  committee  on  finance  and  a  committee  on  infor- 
nation,  or  an  information  bureau,  are  added  to  the  foregoing  com¬ 
mittees. 

Much  of  the  success  of  any  contest  depends  upon  the  care 
with  which  committees  are  chosen.  There  is  no  question  but  that 
the  names  of  prominent  people  connected  with  the  project  will  prove 
beneficial;  but  it  must  be  remembered  that  many  persons  will  “lend 
their  names”  to  such  a  project  without  giving  anything  else.  Bear 
n  mind  that  mere  names  do  not  work. 

In  elaborate  contests  connected  with  extensive  child  welfare 
campaigns,  the  salary  of  an  experienced  director  may  be  a  wise  ex¬ 
penditure. 

Time  and  Place 

The  Baby  Conference  which  is  held  during  a  county  fair  and 
takes  place  in  the  woman’s  building  at  the  fair  grounds  has  a  dis- 
'  met  advantage  in  time  and  place.  The  crowds  of  people  gathering 
there  from  town  and  country  and  the  great  interest  in  “prize  win¬ 
ners*’  of  all  kinds  will  add  popularity  to  the  movement. 

Then,  too,  the  conference  held  during  the  fair  presents  an  op¬ 
portunity  to  reach  hundreds  of  farm  babies  who  could  not  be  reached 
at  any  other  time, or  place  and  to  whom  the  advantages  of  the  con¬ 
ference  are  invaluable. 

If  it  is  impracticable  to  hold  the  conference  in  connection  with 
some  established  gathering  of  people,  such  as  a  fair  or  Chautauqua,  it 
may  be  successfully  carried  out  in  a  suite  of  rooms  in  an  office  build¬ 
ing,  in  the  parlors  of  a  hotel,  in  a  parish  or  settlement  house,  in  the 
auditorium  of  a  school  building,  in  a  church  or  club,  or  in  the  Y.  W. 
C.  A.  ' 

The  Place  Selected  must  be  well  heated,  lighted  and  venti¬ 
lated,  with  every  convenience  for  the  health  and  comfort  of  babies. 
Nothing  can  be  more  tragic  than  to  have  such  a  contest,  designed  for 

\ 

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6 


the  welfare  and  betterment  of  infants,  result  in  the  illness  or  deatii 
of  a  child,  due  to  the  lack  of  care  or  foresight  of  those  behind  it. 

Tents  are  not  satisfactory  under  ordinary  circumstances  on  ac- 
count  of  lack  of  conveniences  and  sanitary  facilities.  Tents  are  very 
hot  in  midsummer  and  are  apt  to  be  damp  in  inclement  weather. 

The  Scoring  Should  Be  Done  during  the  morning  and  early 
afternoon — never  at  night.  The  examinations  should  be  made  in 
private,  only  the  mother,  the  nurse,  the  scorer  and  the  examiner  be¬ 
ing  present. 

At  least  thirty  minutes  should  be  allowed  for  the  complete  exam¬ 
ination  of  each  child  and  the  committee  on  registration  should  ap¬ 
point  a  definite  hour  for  each  child.  It  is  brutal  to  have  mothers  and 
babies  waiting  for  long  periods  of  time  for  examination. 

In  order  to  save  time  and  prevent  confusion  mothers  should  b3 
requested  not  to  bring  their  children  before  the  hour  ' designated, 
but  to  be  very  prompt  at  the  appointed  time.  It  is  unjust  to  the 
child  to  examine  him  when  he  is  tired  and  fretful. 

The  publicity  committee  may  find  it  desirable  to  hold  a  pnbli : 
examination  in  order  to  arouse  interest  and  educate  the  people 
as  to  the  value  of  examinations.  If  the  rooms  are  not  so  arranged 
that  the  ordinary  examinations  may  be  seen  from  without,  (as  sug¬ 
gested  in  the  following  paragraph),  the  demonstration  should  be 
given  some  public  place  in  plain  view  but  at  some  distance  from  the 
audience  and  each  step  of  the  process  should  be  carefully  explained. 

L. 

Rooms  and  Equipment 

The  Scoring  Committee  will  find  it  almost  necessary  to  have 
at  least  four  rooms  at  their  disposal,  one  of  which  should  be  small 
and  may  be  separated  from  the  others.  In  elaborate  contests  it 
may  be  found  practicable  to  have  one  large  room  divided  into 
smaller  rooms  with  glass  partitions.  By  allowing  broad  passages 
between  these  compartments  spectators  may  view  the  examination 
from  outside  and  without  interfering  with  the  work  of  the  ex¬ 
aminers.  If  such  a  plan  is  carried  out  the  floors  in  the  passages 
should  be  deadened  and  the  partitions  should  be  substantial  so  that 
the  examining  rooms  may  be  kept  quiet.  Curtains  should  be  pro¬ 
vided  so  that  the  glass  may  be  covered  when  desired  or  when  the 
crowd  of  spectators  becomes  too  large. 

The  Reception  Room  where  contestants  are  received  and  where 
they  await  the  call  to  the  examining  room  should  be  large  enough  fo 
comfortably  accommodate  twenty-five  mothers  and  babies. 

It  should  be :  Light  and  airy. 

Scrupulously  clean. 

Comfortable  chairs  and  cots. 

Cool  water  and  individual  water  cups. 

Large  paper  bags  for  babies’  clothes. 

Pins. 

Towels. 

Large  squares  of  cotton  flannel. 

L 

-  '< 


Entries  committee  should  be  located  near  the  reception  room, 
with  tables,  blanks  and  stationery.  This  committee  should  be  on 
hand  all  through  the  contest  to  enter  the  babies  and  start  them  on 
their  rounds  and  to  give  necessary  information  to  interested  per¬ 
sons. 

The  Koom  for  Mental  Tests  should  be  quiet  and  free  from  in¬ 
terruption.  (If  possible  have  several  of  these  small  rooms,  each 
with  its  examiner.)  Only  the  parent  and  physician  should  be  pres¬ 
ent  for  this  test.  The  room  should  be  furnished  with  a  couple  of 
chairs,  a  table  and  the  special  articles  employed  in  the  test,  such  as 
t< >ys,  pictures  and  mirror. 

Tile  Third  Room  is  used  for  weighing  and  measuring.  It  should 
be  large  enough  to  accommodate  three  examiners  and  three  nurses. 

Each  physician  should  be  supplied  wTith  a : 

Table. 

Accuratelv  tested  scales. 

Weighing  pads. 

A  measuring  board. 

A  pair  of  calipers  or  pelvimeter. 

Xew  linen  tape  measures. 

Steel  tape  line. 

Plenty  of  tissue  paper. 

A  dermographor. 

Flesh  pencil  (for  marking  measurements). 

Pen  and  ink  (for  marking  score  cards). 

The  measuring  board  should  be  4  feet  long  with  stationary  head 
and  a  footpiece  which  slides  in  a  grove  behind  the  scale. 

The  Fourth  Room  is  for  general  examination  and  should  be 
large  enough  to  accommodate  four  or  five  physicians.  Each  should 
be  supplied  with  a  table  and  chair,  stethoscope,  wooden  tongue  de¬ 
pressors,  flashlights,  cotton,  and  other  necessary  articles. 

In  every  room  there  should  be  running  Water,  if  possible.  If 
running  water  is  not  available,  there  should  be  an  abundant  supply 
of  pure  water  with  plenty  of  paper  towels  and,  placed  conveniently 
for  each  examiner,  there  should  be  a  bowl  of  antiseptic  solution  pre¬ 
pared  according  to  the  direction  of  the  physician  in  charge. 

One  of  the  lessons  which  the  conference  is  supposed  to  teach 
and  one  which  can  never  be  repeated  too  often  in  any  form  of  public 
health  work  is  that  of  absolute  cleanliness.  Soap,  water  and  paper 
towels  should  be  much  in  evidence  and  all  hands  should  be  washed 
a  'ter  handling  one  baby  and  before  turning  attention  to  another. 

In  one  room  provision  should  be  made  for  sterilizing  instru¬ 
ments.  There  should  be  roomv  and  convenient  toilet  facilities.  A 
refrigerator  and  a  nearby  sleeping  room  will  be  found  of  advantage. 
A  check  room  is  absolutely  necessary. 

If  requested,  physicians  or  surgical  supply  houses  will  usually 
loan  much  if  not  all  of  the  necessary  equipment.  Department  stores 
will  be  glad  to  furnish  other  necessary  articles  for  any  of  the  rooms. 


If  the  Contest  Management  is  not  pressed  for  funds  money 
should  be  spent  freely  to  attain  scrupulous  cleanliness.  Where  pos¬ 
sible  the  woodwork  should  be  of  white  with  high  glass  linish ;  the 
floors,  unless  of  hard  wood  and  perfect,  should  be  covered  with  lino¬ 
leum  in  light  colors  and  simple  design ;  sash  curtains,  if  employed, 
should  be  of  plain  material  and  freshly  laundered ;  all  persous  com¬ 
ing  in  contact  with  the  babies  should  wear  gowns  covering  their 
street  clothing  or  frocks  of  wash  material.  A  soiled  apron  or  neg¬ 
lected  finger  nails  on  the  part  of  a  nurse  or  examiner  may  undo  the 
benefits  of  a  thousand  wise  sayings  and  a  score  of  high-sounding  lec¬ 
tures. 

Equipment,  furniture,  instruments  and  utensils  should  be  new 
or  newly  enameled  or  polished.  Pans  and  dishes  should  be  of  white 
enamel. 

A  25  cent  can  of  white  paint  will  cause  a  deal  table  to  preach  a 
sermon  on  cleanliness. 

Behind  the  appearance  of  cleanliness,  however,  there  should  be 
real  cleanliness,  which  means  soap,  scrubbing  brushes  and  hard 
work. 


Publicity 

No  Part  of  a  successful  Better  Baby  Conference  is  more  im¬ 
portant  than  the  advertising.  The  plans  and  purpose  of  the  con¬ 
ference  should  be  published  as  widely  and  as  often  as  possible  by 
means  of  posters,  handbills,  motion  pictures,  newspaper  articles  and 
announcements  in  public  gatherings.  Of  all  forms  of  publicity  none 
is  so  important  as  the  public  press,  and  newspaper  cooperation  must 
be  obtained.  If  the  committee  prepares  special  child  welfare  stories 
in  good  newspaper  form,  the  papers  will  not  refuse  them  and  they 
have  permanent  educational  value.  It  may  be  well  to  have  a  news¬ 
paper  woman  on  the  publicity  committee  to  prepare  this  material. 

If  the  conference  is  to  be  held  at  the  county  fair  the  official 
bulletins  and  the  premium  lists  should  announce  it. 

Notices  of  the  date  and  object  of  the  conference  should  be  given 
in  churches,  schools  and  clubs.  Popular  lectures  or  short  talks 
before  almost  any  public  gatherings  will  stimulate  interest  in  the 
conference  and  at  the  same  time  present  an  opportunity  for  giving- 
instructive  hints  to  parents.  Slides  for  the  movie  houses  and  five 
minute  speakers. 

In  rural  communities  the  distribution  of  announcements  from 
some  central  place,  preferably  the  post  office,  is  an  excellent  way  to 
get  the  information  into  every  household. 

In  giving  out  information  for  newspaper  or  for  other  publicity 
purposes  it  is  always  better  to  furnish  written  “copy,”  and  such 
copy  should  always  be  handled  by  the  same  person  or  committee. 
The  reporters  should  be  notified  as  to  what  person  is  the  official 
spokesman  of  the  conference. 

At  times,  in  communities  where  public  health  and  welfare  work 
have  not  been  done,  newspapers  expect  to  carry  conference  publici  ty 


9 


as  paid  advertising  matter.  If  it  is  brought  to  the  attention  of  the 
edi  tor  or  publisher  that  such  space  and  publicity  are  invariably  con¬ 
tributed  to  the  cause  throughout  the  length  and  breadth  of  the  na- 
tio a  the  newspapers  will  readily  fall  in  with  the  plan. 

As  a  matter  of  fact  newspapers  earn  their  existence  by  the  sale 
of  their  space  and  the  demands  upon  them  from  charitable  and  phil¬ 
anthropic  agencies  are  enormous.  Child  welfare,  however,  like 
tuberculosis,  never  fails  to  obtain  their  support.  Without  the  news¬ 
papers  the  enormous  progress  of  the  past  few  years  in  the  conserva¬ 
tion  of  child  life  could  never  have  been  accomplished. 

No  Line  of  Publicity  is  more  important  than  the  adoption  of 
a  special  community  slogan  for  the  conference.  Dozens  of  short, 
well-phrased  expressions  have  been  successfully  used  in  different 
towns  and  may  be  borrowed ;  but  if  something  individual  and  unique 
can  be  found  for  your  town,  so  much  the  better.  “Better  Babies  for 
Bigger  Burlington/’  “Save  the  Babies  and  the  Men  Will  Take  Care 
of  Themselves,”  “Healthier  Babies  are  Wealthier  Babies,”  “The 
Healthy  Baby  is  the  Happy  Baby,”  “Better  Air,  Better  Fare,  Bet¬ 
ter'  Care  for  Every  Baby,” -“Baby  Health,  Nation’s  Wealth,”  “Baby 
Health — Civic  Wealth,”  “Let’s  Make  a  Better  Nation  by  Baby  Con¬ 
servation,”  “The  Best  for  Baby,”  are  some  suggestions.  If  a  prize 
is  offered  for  the  best  slogan  it  will  stimulate  interest  and  make 
good  newspaper  material. 

Having  selected  your  slogan  it  should  be  used  over  and  over 
again  till  it  “gets”  the  public  by  force  of  repetition.  Put  it  on  win¬ 
dow  cards  with  an  attractive  baby’s  picture ;  use  it  on  banners ;  print 
it  on  the  contest  score  cards  and  application  blanks  ;  paste  it  on 
billboards;  distribute  it  on  handbills  and  repeat  it  in  newspaper 
headlines.  Ask  your  local  artist  to  draw  or  paint  a  smiling  baby 
and  have  cuts  made  from  the  picture;  reproduce  on  all  letterheads, 
bul  letins  and  circulars ;  this  is  attractive  and  effective  publicity. 

Adopt  conference  colors  (baby  blue  and  white  are  always  pop¬ 
ular)  and  use  them  in  banners  and  other  decorations. 

Sometimes  celluloid  buttons  bearing  the  slogan  are  good  ad¬ 
vertising  but  they  are  expensive  and  only  successful  when  thou¬ 
sands  of  them  are  used. 

Registration 

The  Registration  or  Entries  Committee  is  charged  with  a 
very  important  part  of  the  work.  It  should  have  at  least  ten  mem¬ 
bers,  people  with  influence  and  executive  ability  who  will  work  con¬ 
tinuously,  for  it  is  their  duty  to  interest  women  in*  the  contest  and 
persuade  them  to  enter  their  babies.  They  decide  upon  the  classes 
of  entries  and  the  division  of  prizes.  They  must  receive  all  appli¬ 
cations  for  admission  to  the  contest  and  assign  them  in  the  various 
divisions.  They  appoint  the  time  for  each  examination  and  notify 
the  parents  of  the  day  and  hour. 

Different  aged  children  should  be  examined  on  different  days  or 
at  different  hours.  It  greatly  simplifies  the  work  for  all  concerned 
if  the  babies  of  one  age  division  are  all  examined  at  one  time. 


10 


They  must  announce  through  the  newspapers  the  date  of  the 
contest  and  just  when  applications  for  entrance  will  be  received  at 
headquarters. 

They  must  state  the  age  limit  on  entries  and  the  hour  at  which 
the  lists  will  be  closed.  One  or  two  members  of  this  committee 
should  be  constantly  in  attendance  during  the  contest  and  should 
be  able  to  explain  to  parents  the  details  of  the  examination  which 
the  baby  is  to  undergo. 

■  i 

Scoring 

The  Members  of  the  Scoring  Committee  must  be  prepared  to 
give  much  time  to  the  work.  They  must  be  accurate  and  quick  in 
filling  score  cards  and  recording  the  findings  of  the  examiners.  For 
the  average  contest  there  should  be  at  least  twenty  scorers.  One 
person  should  be  in  charge  of  the  scorers  and  it  is  very  important 
that  the  scorers  become  perfectly  familiar  with  the  score  card  and 
the  method  of  using  it  before  the  contest  begins.  This  may  require 
several  meetings  and  conferences. 

The  Selection  of  Physicians  and  Nurses  for  making  the  ex¬ 
aminations  is  most  important.  There  must  be  the  right  number  for 
each  day,  and  when  an  unusual  number  of  examinations  are  to  be 
made  each  examiner  should  have  an  assistant. 

N 

If  possible  there  should  be  specialists  for  the  different  lines?  of 
work;  a  psychiatrist  to  make  the  mental  test;  an  eye,  ear,  nose  and 
throat  specialist ;  a  dentist ;  several  physicians  for  the  physical  ex¬ 
aminations;  trained  nurses  to  make  measurements  and  act  as  dress¬ 
ing  room  assistants.  Local  physicians  and  nurses  are  usually  glad 
to  do  this  work  and  as  there  should  be  at  least  one  examiner  for 
each  ten  entries  it  is  possible  to  use  as  many  of  them  as  are  willing 
to  serve. 

All  examiners  should  understand  the  necessity  of  being  prompt 
at  their  appointments.  Failure  to  do  so  will  disarrange  the  entire 
schedule  of  examinations  and  be  unfair  to  all  concerned. 

If  a  “dress  rehearsal”  can  be  held  a  few  days  before  the  con¬ 
test,  with  examiners  and  scorers  in  attendance,  much  time  may  be 
saved  and  confusion  avoided. 

The  Committee  on  Prizes  decides  the  number  and  value  of 
prizes,  medals,  certificates  and  ribbons  and  arranges  for  the  formal 
presentation  of  all  premiums  at  the  close  of  the  contest. 

Merchants,  banks,  organizations  and  prominent  citizens  are 
usually  glad  to  donate  the  prizes  required.  The  prizes  may  be  as  sim¬ 
ple  or  elaborate  as  seems  desirable.  As  a  rule  it  is  better  to  have 
premiums  of  such  character  that  they  may  be  preserved  for  many 
years.  Silver  cups,  suitably  inscribed,  prove  most  satisfactory. 

The  committee  should  bear  in  mind  constantly  that  receiving  a 
prize  at  a  Better  Baby  Conference  is  a  matter  of  the  utmost  interest 
to  parents.  This  parental  pride  is  an  important  and  valuable  fac¬ 
tor  not  only  in  the  success  of  the  Conference  but  in  the  results  to  be 
derived  from  it. 


11 


Iii  connection  with  the  giving  of  prizes  to  Better  Babies  a  very 
interesting  and  unique  feature  is  the  prize  contest  in  which  mothers 
may  compete  for  the  best  answers  to  a  series  of  questions  on  the  care 
of  the  baby. 


Exhibits  and  Demonstrations 

While  Exhibits  and  Demonstrations  are  not  necessarily  a 
part  of  a  scoring  contest  they  can  be  so  easily  associated  with  it  and 
are  of  such  educational  value  that  the  opportunity  should  not  be 
lost.  A  good  child  welfare  exhibit,  no  matter  how  simple,  illustrat¬ 
ing  local  conditions  and  the  work  of  local  organizations,  if  placed 
near  the  rooms  where  the  contest  is  being  held,  will  prove  a  very 
popular  feature.  If  possible  members  of  the  exhibits  committee 
should  serve  as  guides  or  lecturers  at  the  exhibit,  and  distribute  cir¬ 
culars. 

A  demonstration  which  never  fails  to  attract  attention  and 
interest  is  that  of  bathing  and  dressing  the  baby.  This  should  be 
carried  out  by  a  graduate  nurse.  Life-sized  manikins  of  the  baby 
may  be  used  in  the  demonstration.  Local  merchants  are  usually  glad 
to  lend  clothing,  tubs,  towels  and  other  equipment  for  this  exhibi¬ 
tion  ;  they  consider  it  splendid  advertising. 

/ 

A  program  of  public  meetings  to  be  held  in  connection  with  the 
exhibit  will  arouse  community  interest  in  child  welfare.  The  num¬ 
ber  and  scope  of  such  meetings  should  be  determined  by  the  local 
need.  In  some  communities  a  mass  meeting  at  the  close  of  the  con¬ 
test  with  speeches  by  the  mayor  and  other  prominent  citizens  will 
fo  us  all  the  efforts  of  the  contest  and  result  in  the  establishment  of 
permanent  welfare  work  of  some  sort. 

In  some  communities  several  meetings  of  this  kind,  with  formal 
lectures  on  child  welfare  and  kindred  subjects  are  necessary  before 
people  can  be  aroused  to  the  need  of  permanent  work.  Lectures  and 
demonstrations  might  be  given  on  pure  milk,  the  proper  preparation 
of  infant  foods,  the  arrangement  of  sleeping  quarters ;  talks  on  home 
hygiene,  supervised  play,  sanitary  clothing  and  toys,  the  prevention 
of  infant  mortality,  children’s  stories,  the  conditions  under  which 
children  work,  school  inspection,  the  health  of  parents  and  kindred 
subjects. 

Motion  pictures  effectively  illustrating  these  subjects  and  many 
others  can  be  rented  at  reasonable  rates  from  film  agencies  or 
obtained  from  public  health  organizations.  As  a  result  of  Better 
Baby  Conference  and  the  educational  exhibits  shown  with  it  many 
communities  become  interested  enough  to  undertake  fly-exterminat¬ 
ing  and  clean-up  campaigns,  law  enforcement  in  regard  to  birth  and 
death  registration,  reporting  and  quarantine  of  contagious  diseases, 
milk  inspection,  anti-spitting  ordinance,  frequent  water  analyses  and 
other  features  of  public  health  activity. 

The  committee  on  exhibits  should  encourage  local  merchants  to 
give  their  show  windows  over  to  the  display  of  appropriate  baby 


furnishings.  Almost  every  kind  of  business,  from  hardware  to  jew¬ 
elry,  handles  something  for  the  baby  and  the  enterprising  merchant 
is  glad  to  make  use  of  the  advertising  possibilities  of  the  contest. 

The  Special  Committee  for  Follow-Up  Work,  if  there  should 
be  one,  should  undertake  the  task  of  establishing  permanent  welfare 
stations,  open-air  schools,  playgrounds  and  other  agencies  for  the  im¬ 
provement  of  babies  as  the  natural  outgrowth  of  the  interest  created 
by  the  contest. 

The  particular  needs  of  the  community  will  determine  the  direc¬ 
tion  of  the  follow-up  work.  Practical  suggestions  are:  clean-up 
week,  in  which  sanitation  and  beautification  of  the  community  are 
brought  home  to  the  public;  the  importance  of  regular  milk  inspec¬ 
tion;  the  dangers  of  the  fly;  the  necessity  for  obedience  to  quarantine 
regulations;  visiting  nurses  and  free  medical  advice  available  to 
those  who  need  it;  the  application  of  the  mothers’  pension  law; 
medical  inspection  of  schools;  nutritional  work  and  hot  lunches  in 
the  school;  the  enforcement  of  birth  registration  laws  and  tuberculin 
tests  for  cattle;  providing  for  all  victims  of  infantile  paralysis  op¬ 
portunity  for  proper  after-care;  the  employment  of  a  full-time  health 
officer,  etc.  It  is  never  wise  to  undertake  too  many  new  lines  of 
work,  but  the  outcome  of  a  better  baby  conference  should  be  some 
community  betterment  and  a  great  good  can  be  accomplished  if  1  he 
enthusiasm  is  directed  toward  the  right  ends — or  toward  one  much- 
needed  end. 

The  plan  of  holding  a  second  contest  six  months  or  a  year  later 
which  shall  be  an  “improvement  contest”  may  be  adopted  by  this 
committee — in  which  case,  records  of  all  examinations  and  tests 
should  be  carefully  filed  away.  Occasional  reminders  should  be  sent 
to  parents  urging  the  continuation  of  baby’s  improvement,  or  a  sim¬ 
ple  monthly  report  of  the  baby’s  condition  might  be  requested  by 
the  committee.  Six  months  or  a  year  later  (the  date  to  be  announced 
by  the  committee  at  the  time  of  original  contest)  an  invitation  or 
notice  should  be  sent  to  all  former  contestants.  The  children  should 
be  examined  and  tested  as  carefully  as  the  first  time.  After  com¬ 
parison  of  the  old  and  new  records  prizes  should  be  awarded  to  the 
children  showing  the  greatest  improvement  in  weight,  in  general 
condition  and  in  growth. 


Procedure 

When  the  Better  Baby  Conference  Organization  Is  Com¬ 
pleted  there  should  be  a  meeting  of  all  committees  and  the  general 
plan  should  be  discussed.  Each  member  of  each  committee  should 
be  made  to  clearly  understand  just  what  is  expected  of  him.  To 
centralize  responsibility  it  is  perhaps  better  to  charge  the  committee 
chairmen  with  the  duty  of  instructing  the  members  of  their  own 
committees.  In  this  case  the  chairman  should  be  kept  in  const  ant 
and  close  touch  with  the  central  or  executive  committee. 

There  should  be  at  least  one  general  meeting  of  the  committees 
and  representatives  of  all  cooperating  agencies  at  which  the  com- 


13 


plete  plan  is  fully  explained  by  some  one  familiar  with  it.  Even 
those  who  take  no  active  part  should  know  enough  about  the  confer¬ 
ence  to  talk  about  it  intelligently. 

After  Dates  and  details  are  settled  the  publicity  committee 
should  bring  the  whole  project  to  the  people  through  the  newspapers. 
The  dates  for  the  actual  contest  should  be  determined  well  in  ad¬ 
vance  and  the  public  should  be  advised  as  to  the  dates  between  which 
app]  ications  for  entry  will  be  received.  The  date  for  closing  entries 
should  be  long  enough  before  the  contest  to  give  the  committee  a 
definite  knowledge  of  the  number  of  contestants  so  that  proper  ar¬ 
rangements  may  be  made  for  them.  Nothing  is  more  unfortunate 
than  to  have  scores  of  fretful  babies  received  at  the  last  moment, 
with  inadequate  provision  for  their  care. 

Application  Blanks  and  score  cards  should  be  provided  and  the 
applications  should  all  be  received  in  regular  form.  Specimen 
blanks  will  be  found  in  these  pages  and  the  blanks  themselves  may 
be  obtained  upon  application  to  the  State  Board  of  Health. 

The  application  should  be  filed  according  to  the  classes  of  en¬ 
tries,  as  follows : 

Classes  of  Entries 

Class  I.  Boys  6  to  12  months. 

Class  II.  'Girls  6  to  12  months. 

Class  III.  Boys  12  to  24  months. 

Class  IV.  Girls  12  to  24  months. 

Class  V.  Boys  24  to  36  months. 

Class  VI.  Girls  24  to  36  months. 

If  desirable  other  classes  of  entries  may  be  for : 

Class  VII.  Boys  3  to  4  years. 

Class  VIII.  Girls  3  to  4  years. 

Class  IX.  Boys  4  to  5  years. 

Class  X.  Girls  4  to  5  years. 

In  some  cases  these  classes  are  subdivided  into  groups  of  babies 
of  (a)  rural  communities  and  (b)  cities;  all  communities  showing- 
more  than  2,000  population  being  classed  as  cities. 

In  addition  to  these  class  contests  there  will  also  be  sweepstake 
and  championship  contests  held  among  the  successful  initial  con¬ 
testants,  as  follows : 

Sweepstakes:  Highest  scoring  boy,  any  age;  highest  scoring 
girl,  any  age. 

Championship:  Highest  scoring  child,  any  age. 

Grand  Merit  Prize  :  Child  showing  greatest  percentage  of  im¬ 
provement  in  score  since  previous  contest. 

Conducting  the  Contest 

On  the  Day  of  the  Contest  the  baby  is  brought  at  the  hour 
designated  for  that  particular  child  and  is  received  by  someone  act¬ 
ing  for  the  registration  committee. 


14 


When  the  enrollment  has  been  properly  made  the  nurse  in 
charge  makes  a  hasty  examination  for  symptoms  of  contagious  dis¬ 
ease,  AND  AT  ONCE  EXCLUDES'  ANY  RABIES  WITH  COLDS,  RASH,  COUGH  IN¬ 
FLAMED  EYES  OR  PHYSICAL  ABNORMALITIES  THAT  WOULD  NATURALLY  DIS¬ 
QUALIFY  THEM. 

This  is  a  Most  Important  Point.  Failure  to  have  such  an  ex¬ 
amination  made  may  be  responsible  for  an  epidemic  touching  hun¬ 
dreds  of  children. 

The  baby  is  given  a  numbered  tag  which  is  tied  around  his  wrist. 

In  the  dressing  room,  the  baby’s  outer  wraps  are  removed  and 
placed  in  a  paper  bag  bearing  his  number.  In  the  reception  room 
the  registration  (or  entries)  committee  fills  out  duplicate  applica¬ 
tion  blanks,  unless  this  has  been  done  at  the  headquarters  before  the 
opening  of  the  contest.  One  card  remains  on  file  with  the  commit¬ 
tee,  and  the  other  is  handed  to  the  mother. 


BETTER  BABIES  CONFERENCE  APPLICATION  AND 

APPOINTMENT  BLANK 

(One  copy  to  be  given  to  the  mother,  and  the  other  to  be  retained 

by  the  committee.) 

Entry  number . 

. Class . 

Name  of  organization.... 

Date  of  contest . 

Name  of  child . 

Address . 

Age  in  months . 

. : . Sex . 

Entered  by . 

Address . 

Appointment . 

.  Time .  Place . 

Enrollment  made  by . 

REGISTRATION  COMMITTEE. 

Duplicate  to  be  presented  by  mother  at 

. and . 

Time. 

Place. 

The  blank  written  in  duplicate  with  carbon  paper  will  pre¬ 
clude  the  possibility  of  errors  in  copying,  the  mother  presenting  an 
actual  carbon  copy  of  the  original  blank. 

After  the  Application  is  completed  a  scorer  questions  mother 
and  fills  out  the  first  section  of  the  score  card.  Official  score  cards 
will  be  sent  on  application  to  The  State  Department  of  Public 
Health. 

I. — Mental  and  Development  Tests 

Mother  and  Child  are  then  sent  to  the  examiner  who  makes 
the  mental  test;  she  carries  the  baby's  score  card  to  be  filled  out  by 
the  examiner. 


c 


15 


B>  repeated  trials  it  has  been  found  that  one  person  can  make 
the  mental  tests  as  rapidly  as  two  take  measurements  and  three  or 
four  give  the  physical  examination. 

The  mental  test,  which  is  designed  only  for  the  purpose  of  dis¬ 
covering  whether  the  baby  is  actually  mentally  deficient,  may  be 
made  t  y  .  psychologist  or  kindergartner  if  a  physician  is  not  avail¬ 
able. 

Tactfulness,  patience  and  familiarity  with  children  are  more 
important  than  professional  training.  The  test  should  be  made 
informally,  in  a  quiet  room  and  before  the  child  is  tired  or  nervous. 

The  examiner  should  mark  X  after  each  test  in  which  the  child 
fails;  every  X  means  a  penalty,  so  where  there  are  no  defects,  the 
score  is  left  blank.  Examiners  do  not  compute  scores — this  is  the 
work  of  the  scoring  committee. 

This  test  need  take  only  live  to  ten  minutes.  When  it  is  finished 
the  baby  is  carried  to  the  reception  room  and  undressed.  The  bag 
holding  his  clothing  is  numbered  and  checked,  the  baby  is  wrapped 
in  a  square  of  cotton  flannel  and  carried  to  the  physical  examination 
room. 


II. — Physical  Examination 

(Again  the  scorer  marks  X  for  each  defect  but  does  not  com¬ 
plete  the  score. ) 

A  Quick  and  Accurate  Scorer  is  a  great  help  to  the  physician 
giving  the  physical  examination.  It  can  be  done  rapidly  and  at  the 
same  time  thoroughly  if  the  scorer,  seated  at  one  end  of  the  table, 
calls  out  in  turn  the  tests  to  be  made  and  fills  out  the  score  card 
as  the  physician  handling  the  baby  announces  his  findings. 

What  Constitutes  a  Defect 

In  order  that  the  findings  of  different  physicians  may  be  more 
nearly  equal  the  following  suggestions  are  offered  for  use  with  the 
score  bard. 

Features.  Do  not  penalize  except  for  marked  irregularity, 
such  as  unusual  depression  in  bridge  of  nose,  receding  or  projecting 
chin,  or  receding  forehead. 

Dead.  Penalize  for  abnormal  size  in  proportion  to  the  rest  of 
the  body.  The  shape  may  indicate  rickets  or  hydrocephalus.  Ex¬ 
amine  carefully  for  soft  spots  indicating  nutritional  disorders. 

Hair  and  Scalp.  Penalize  for  milk  crust,  scabs,  scaling  or  any 
eruption.  A  bald  spot  on  the  back  of  the  head  or  brittle  hair  indi¬ 
cates  nutritional  disease.  Penalize  for  dirty  or  dandruffy  scalp.  Do 
not  penalize  the  child  under  1  year  for  scanty  hair. 

Fontanel.  Do  not  penalize  for  delayed  closure  except  in  child 
over  eighteen  months  of  age. 

Xeck.  Do  not  penalize  minute  glands.  Penalize  scars  result¬ 
ing  from  discharging  sinus,  eruption  and  following  trauma. 


16 


Chest.  Do  not  penalize  for  barrel  sliapped .chest  under  one  year 
of  age.  Penalize  for  markedly  depressed  sternum,  for  soft  ribs 
(bending  in  during  inspiration)  and  for  rales  of  any  kind.  If  in 
stethoscopic  examination  faulty  breathing  or  heart  murmurs  are  dis¬ 
covered  the  mother  should  be  advised  to  take  the  baby  to  her  physi¬ 
cian  for  thorough  examination. 

Back.  Penalize  for  any  curvature  in  the  spine — lordosis,  ky¬ 
phosis,  or  scoliosis. 

Abdomen.  Penalize  for  abnormal  distension.  Sometimes  meas¬ 
urement  is  necessary  to  determine  whether  a  protruberance  is  ab¬ 
normal.  Penalize  for  rupture  of  the  navel  or  at  the  groin. 

Arms  and  Hands.  Penalize  for  asymmetry  (indicating  nutri¬ 
tional  disturbances).  The  proper  length  should  be  determined  by 
putting  both  arms  close  to  the  sides.  Will  the  ends  of  the  fingers 
come  two-thirds  of  the  way  down  the  thigh  bone  when  arms  and 
fingers  are  forcibly  straightened?  Look  for  flabby  muscles  in  fat 
children  as  well  as  in  thin.  Penalize  for  nail  defects  caused  by 
onychia  and  syphilis,  and  for  brittle  or  bitten  nails. 

Genitalia.  Penalize  for  any  discharge.  Vaginitis  is  quite 
common.  Adherent  prepuce  should  not  be  penalized  unless  redund¬ 
ant  or  inflammation  is  present. 

Legs  and  Feet.  Penalize  for' flabby  muscles,  bow  legs,  knock- 
knees,  curvature  of  thigh  bones,  enlarged  epiphyses  from  any  cause 
and  for  flat  feet  after  eighteen  months. 

Posture  and  Gait.  Examine  in  sitting  posture  up  to  eighteen 
months  of  age.  Do  not  penalize  for  gait  until  after  the  eighteenth 
month. 

Skin.  Do  not  penalize  for  small  insignificant  birth  marks, 
moles  or  bruises  caused  by  minor  accidents.  Penalize  for  eruption 
of  any  kind,  even  though  very  slight,  and  for  scratches  resulting 
from  attempts  to  relieve  an  eruption.  Bough  hands  and  cheeks  due 
to  outdoor  life  should  not  be  penalized  unless  excessive.  Excessive 
hair  on  arms,  legs,  back  or  chest  should  be  penalized,  as  should  pal¬ 
lor  from  anemia. 

Nutrition.  A  child  is  abnormally  “thin”  when  he  appears  so 
poorly  nourished  as  to  attract  attention.  He  is  abnormally  “fat” 
when  he  is  overburdened  with  fat  and  lacks  strength  to  stand  and 
walk  easily. 

III. — Oral  ancT  Dental 

(To  be  given  by  dentist  if  possible.) 

The  Examiner  should  be  provided  with  a  pocket  flask  ight, 
headlight  and  such  instruments  as  he  considers  necessary  for  simple 
examinations. 

Mouth.  Penalize  for  bleeding,  swollen  or  spongy  gums,  or  any 
form  of  stomatitis,  gingivitis  or  inflammation.  Penalize  for  coated 
or  enlarged  tongue. 


IT 


Teeth.  Do  not  penalize  under  eight  months  for  delayed  denti¬ 
tion.  i  child  should  have : 

S  teeth  at  1  year  16  teeth  at  18  months 

12  teeth  at  16  months  20  teeth  at  2 y2  years 

IV. — Eye,  Ear,  Nose  and  Throat 

(This  examination  should  be  made  by  a  specialist.) 

Eves.  Penalize  for  pale  mucous  membranes  resulting  from 
anemia.  Do  not  penalize  for  abnormal  position  of  eyes  showing 
merely  racial  traits.  Abnormally  shaped,  defective  or  inflamed  lids 
should  be  penalized. 

Ears.  Do  not  penalize  for  abnormal  shape  except  when  so 
marked  as  to  indicate  a  neurotic  tendency.  Protruding  or  discharg¬ 
ing  ears  should  always  be  penalized. 

Nose.  Penalize  for  obstructed  breathing  with  the  mouth  closed 
and  for  discharge  from  the  nose.  Except  for  children  under  one  year 
old  a  depressed  bridge  caused  by  nasal  obstruction  and  diseased 
cartilage  or  bone  should  be  penalized. 

Throat.  .Examine  every  throat  with  a  pocket  flashlight.  Pen¬ 
alize  for  diseased  or  enlarged  tonsils.  If  the  physician  suspects  the 
presence  of  adenoids  he  should  make  an  examination  with  the  finger. 

The  baby  is  now  taken  to  the  measuring  room. 

*/  o 

/ 

V. — Measurements 

There  Should  be  at  least  two  physicians  (or  nurses)  and  two 
scorers  to  make  these  tests.  It  saves  time  if  one  person  does  all  the 
weighing  and  another  all  the  measuring. 

Have  the  room  well  lighted  and  the  equipment  conveniently 
placed. 

It  is  most  important  that  all  measurements  shall  be  exact  and 
examiners  must  expect  to  do  some  remeasuring  and  weighing  to  in¬ 
sure  accurate  results.  If  examiners  are  careless  or  hurried  their 
figures  will  probably  be  challenged,  in  which  case  the  chairman  of 
the  scoring  committee  should  recall  the  child  and  measurements 
should  be  taken  a  second  time. 

In  comparing  actual  measurements  with  the  standard  measure¬ 
ments  examiners  should  make  allowance  for  nervousness  and  rest¬ 
lessness  in  the  baby  and  penalize  only  for  the  following  variations 
from  standard,  either  above  or  below : 

One-half  inch  in  height. 

One  and  one-half  pounds  in  weight. 

One-fourth  inch  circumference  of  head. 

One-half  inch  circumference  of  chest. 

One-half  inch  circumference  of  abdomen. 

One-half  inch  antero-posterior  or  lateral  diameter  of  chest. 

One-half  inch  arm  or  leg  measurement. 

If  the  height  of  the  child  varies  more  than  one-half  inch  from 
the  standard  for  his  age  he  is  penalized  on  height.  In  this  case, 


18 


however,  the  height  is  accepted  to  indicate  the  age  in  the  rest  ‘  tin 
weight  and  measurement  tests.  That  is,  if  a  child  of  nine  mont  hs  is 
below  height  for  nine  months,  he  is  penalized  for  height,  but  is  car¬ 
ried  for  the  rest  of  the  test  at  the  age  to  which  his  height  corre¬ 
sponds.  Hence,  a  9-months-old  child  with  the  height  of  an  8-months 
old  child  may  score  80  per  cent  provided  he  conforms  to  all  other 
standards  for  an  8-months-old  child. 

Height.  The  child  under  two  years  must  be  measured  lying- 
down  on  the  measuring  board.  His  back  should  be  flat  against  the 
board,  his  head  exactly  touching  the  head  board  in  an  easy  position 
and  his  feet  against  the  movable  foot  piece.  After  two  years  of  age 
a  child’s  height  should  be  taken  standing.  Set  the  measuring  board 
on  end,  stand  the  child  erect  on  the  head  piece,  the  back  of  his  head,, 
trunk  and  heels  touching  the  board,  then  adjust  the  sliding  board  to 
the  top  of  his  head.  (One  and  one-half  inch  variation  allowed.) 

Circumference  of  Head.  Place  the  tape  firmly  about  the  larg¬ 
est  part  of  the  head,  the  protruberances  in  back  and  front.  (One- 
fourth  inch  variation  allowed.) 

Circumference  of  Chest.  Measure  at  the  nipple  line.  (One- 
half  inch  variation  allowed.) 

Circumference  of  Abdomen.  Measure  at  the  navel  line,  with 
tape  held  easy.  (One-lialf  inch  variation  allowed.) 

Lateral  Diameter  of  Chest.  Measure  with  pelvimeter  at  nip¬ 
ple  line.  With  fat  children  the  instrument  should  be  pressed  closely 
to  the  ribs.  (One-half  inch  variation  allowed.) 

Lateral  Diameter  of  Chest  from  Front  to  Back.  Measure 
with  pelvimeter  at  nipple  line.  (One-half  inch  variation  allowed.) 

Length  of  Arm.  Measure  from  the  tip  of  the  acromion  to  the 
end  of  the  middle  finger  when  the  arm  is  held  close  to  the  side  with 
elbow  and  fingers  straight.  (One-half  inch  variation  allowed.) 

Length  of  Leg.  Measure  infants  under  two  years  lying  down, 
over  two  years  standing.  Measure  from  the  tip  of  the  greater  tro¬ 
chanter  to  bottom  of  foot.  (One-lialf  inch  variation  allowed.) 

Weight.  One  and  one-lialf  pounds  variation  from  standard  al¬ 
lowed. 

When  the  Examination  has  been  completed  the  mother  leaves 
the  score  card  with  the  scoring  committee,  who  complete  the  total 
score.  At  the  close  of  the  contest  time  enough  must  be  allowed  for 
careful  computation  of  all  scores  before  the  names  of  the  prize  win¬ 
ners  are  sent  to  the  committee  on  prizes. 

The  five  highest  scoring  babies  in  each  class  should  be  re-exam¬ 
ined  if  it  is  possible.  Sometimes  it  is  necessary  to  verify  details, 
especially  in  the  mental  test,  if  several  scores  are  very  close. 

To  the  mothers  whose  babies  have  scored  verv  low  or  failed  to 
qualify  an  invitation  should  be  sent  to  attend  a  special  conference 
of  mothers  and  physicians.  At  such  a  meeting,  informal  talks  might 
be  given  by  physicians  on  “Why  Babies  Fail,”  and  how  their  health 
can  be  improved. 


/ 


19 


Women  should  be  encouraged  to  ask  questions  and  urged  to 
visit  the  welfare  exhibit.  These  mothers  should  be  interested  in  the 
six-months  improvement  contest  and  urged  to  try  for  the  prize. 

The  prize  awarding  ought  to  be  advertised  as  much  as  possible ; 
connected  with  the  presentation  ceremony  a  specialist  should  ex¬ 
plain  and  emphasize  the  points  which  make  the  babies  prize  win¬ 
ners.  '  The  difference  between  health  and  beauty  points  ought  to  be 
made  clear. 

All  score  cards  should  be  carefully  preserved ;  they  contain  more 
accurate  and  comprehensive  statistics  than  could  be  obtained  in  any 
other  way  and  wrill  be  valuable  to  the  welfare  society  and  the  health 
department. 

The  State  Department  of  Public  Health  will  gladly  supply  com¬ 
mittees  with  uniform  record  sheets  for  recording  results  of  better 
babies  contests  and  ask  that  such  sheets  be  filled  out  and  returned 
to  the  office  of  the  department. 

Public  Health  Exhibit  Material 

The  State  Department  of  Public  Health  maintains  in  its  loan 
service  an  elaborate  mobile  exhibit  equipment  that  is  available  for 
use  in  any  community  of  the  State.  This  equipment  consists  of 
mechanical  models,  stationary  models,  motion  picture  films,  stereop- 
ticon  slides,  wall-panels,  posters  and  charts.  All  of  this  material 
has  been  designed  to  depict  important  and  fundamental  health  prin¬ 
ciples  with  the  end  in  view  of  educating  the  citizens  of  Illinois  in 
preventing  disease  and  promoting  health  and  longevity.  All  or  part 
of  it  have  already  been  shown  in  many  places  with  very  gratifying 
results. 

The  equipment  has  been  constructed  in  such  a  vTav  that  it  can 
easily  be  adjusted  for  display  in  connection  with  almost  any  kind  of 
a  program  that  has  a  bearing  upon  public  health.  At  state- wide 
events  such  as  the  Pageant  of  Progress  in  Chicago  and  the  State  Fair 
in  Springfield  the  material  has  been  displayed  in  a  manner  that  at¬ 
tracted  the  thoughtful  attention  of  thousands  of  visitors  and  stimu¬ 
lated  favorable  comment  in  the  columns  of  leading  daily  newspapers. 
Parts  of  it  have  been  shown  to  splendid  advantage  in  connection 
Avith  comity  fairs  and  local  meetings  of  various  kinds.  It  is  suitable 
alike  for  urban  and  rural  demonstrations. 

Any  community  in  Illinois  may  secure  all  or  any  part  of  the 
exhibit  equipment  for  local  use  without  cost  other  than  the  trans¬ 
portation  charges  one  way  and  the  local  expenses  of  the  equipment 
and  ( w-hen  necessary)  an  experienced  operator. 

A  brief  description  of  the  various  models  together  with  the  ap¬ 
proximate  length  and  weight  of  each  appears  beloAV.  The  length  in¬ 
dicates  the  lineal  space  required  in  booths  not  less  than  ten  feet 
deep.  Where  electrical  connections  are  necessary  it  is  so  stated, 
following  the  description  in  each  case.  A  list  of  the  motion  pic¬ 
ture  films,  lantern  slides,  posters  and  charts  that  are  available  is. 
also  given. 


20 


Models 

1.  — Infant  Death  Rate. 

This  model  consists  of  baby  dolls  attached  to  three  revolving 
cylinders  appropriately  housed.  Above  each  cylinder  crouches  a 
skeleton  figure  of  death  that  cuts  down  with  his  sickle  every  fifth, 
tenth  and  twentieth  dolls  respectively,  thus  showing  in  a  graphic 
and  realistic  manner  the  infant  death  rate  in  Illinois  for  1910  and 
1920  and  as  it  will  be  in  1930  if  the  same  rate  of  decrease  is  main¬ 
tained.  In  the  background  behind  the  figures  of  death  is  pictured  a 
cemetery  that  shows  the  eternal  resting  place  of  the  innocent  vic¬ 
tims. 

Electrical.  Weight  750  lbs.  Length  10  ft. 

2.  — Infant  Death  Rate. 

Same  as  No.  1  except  that  it  has  but  one  cylinder,  indicating  the 
infant  mortality  for  1920  only. 

Electrical.  Weight  150  lbs.  Length  4  ft. 

3.  — City  Death  Rate. 

A  model  that  shows  in  a  striking  manner  the  death  rates  in 
cities  of  Illinois  with  20,000  or  more  people  and  indicates  those  with 
a  rate  higher  and  a  rate  lower  than  the  state  average. 

Stationary.  Weight  125  lbs.  Length  6  ft. 

4.  — Breathing  Dolls. 

This  model  consists  of  two  bed  rooms,  one  with  open  windows 
and  one  with  closed  windows.  Two  dolls  occupy  beds  in  each  and, 
by  mechanical  device,  smoke  is  emitted  through  the  nostrils  of  the 
sleeping  dolls.  Although  the  smoke  supplied  in  each  room  is  the 
same  the  air  in  the  room  with  the  open  windows  remains  quite  clear 
while  the  other  is  heavily  clouded  and  this  entirely  without  forced 
draughts.  Some  educational  models  attain  their  results  through  il¬ 
lusion.  This  is  strong  and  effective  because  it  is  an  honest  illustra¬ 
tion  of  just  what  the  open  windows  will  do  to  the  air  of  the  sleep¬ 
ing  room.  The  display  is  an  excellent  demonstration  of  the  im¬ 
portance  of  ventilation. 

Electrical.  Weight  285  lbs.  Length  10  ft. 

5.  — Smallpox — Vaccination. 

This  model  consists  of  an  ingenious  mechanical  device  wherebv 
an  epidemic  of  smallpov  is  shown  as  a  volcanic  eruption,  smoke,  etc., 
pouring  from  the  crater  of  the  volcano  until  finally  the  electric  light¬ 
ing  shows  a  smallpox  outbreak  hovers  over  all.  At  this  point  a  long 
arm,  designated  by  electric  lights  as  vaccination  comes  down  as  a 
snuffer  and  completely  cuts  off  all  eruption  from  the  volcano. 

Electrical.  Weight  475  lbs.  Length  7  ft. 


21 


6. -  S\v  /  ‘ping  Germs. 

This  model  consists  of  mechanical  equipment  that  shows  a 
large  boy  allowing  a  smaller  boy  to  suck  his  candy  and  thereby  es¬ 
tablishing  a  means  of  transferring  germs  from  one  person  to  an¬ 
other.  The  model  is  especially  attractive  to  children,  the  ones  who 
profit  most  by  the  splendid  lesson. 

Electrical.  Weight  75  lbs.  Length  3  ft. 

7.  — Silver  Dollars. 

Consists  of  a  painting  to  scale  that  shows  the  average  cost  per 
day  of  ten  common  communicable,  and  therefore  preventable,  dis¬ 
eases  in  Illinois  in  a  column  of  silver  dollars.  Compared  with  this 
are  six  of  the  highest  towers  and  buildings  in  the  world  and  the 
column  of  dollars  is  the  highest  by  far. 

Stationary.  Weight  60  lbs.  Length  7  ft. 

8.  — Diphtheria  Antitoxin. 

A  model  that  consists  of  four  bed  rooms  where  diphtheria  pa¬ 
tients  are  housed.  In  front  of  each  is  shown  a  miniature  cemetery 
that  demonstrates  in  a  most  telling  way  the  death  rate  from  diph¬ 
theria  according  to  the  day,  after  onset,  upon  which  antitoxin  is  ad¬ 
ministered. 

Stationary.  Weight  80  lbs.  Length  3 y2  ft. 

/ 

Motion  Picture  Films 

1.  — The  Priceless  Gift  of  Health.  (1  Keel.) 

The  story  illustrated  in  this  picture  is  one  of  the  “Child  Wel¬ 
fare”  variety  showing  the  career  of  two  boys  one  of  whom  grew  up 
under  hygienic  conditions  to  healthy  manhood  while  the  other  boy, 
whose  mother  thought  “any  milk  was  good  enough  so  long  as  it  was 
cheap,”  allowed  him  to  grow  up  improperly  cared  for  with  the  re¬ 
sult  th  at  he  was  unfitted  for  life’s  work. 

2.  — Tommy’s  Birth  Certificate.  (1  Reel.) 

An  educational  picture  of  human  interest  to  impress  upon  the 
public  the  importance  and  necessity  of  recording  births,  setting  forth 
the  embarrassments  and  misfortunes  that  may  beset  any  individual 
whose  birth  has  not  been  recorded. 

3.  — Summer  Babies.  (1  Keel.) 

The  proper  care  of  babies  in  summer  time  and  the  work  of  the 
child  welfare  nurse  is  presented  in  a  most  entertaining  manner. 

Slides,  Posters  and  Charts 

Sets  of  lantern  slides  on  the  house  fly,  tuberculosis,  laboratory 
methods  and  sanitation  are  available.  Those  dealing  with  sanita¬ 
tion  refer  largely  to  public  water  supplies  and  sewage  disposal  and 
are  valuable  only  when  accompanied  by  a  lecturer. 


t 


99 

J-d 


Posters  and  wall  panels  on  the  subjects  and  in  the  quantities 
named  below  are  available.  These  are  especially  suitable  for  school 
use  and  the  instruction  of  children. 


Prenatal  Care . . . 

Physical  Care  of  Babies— 1st  and  2nd  series . 

Hygiene  for  School  Children . . . 

Prevention  of  Tuberculosis  in  Childhood . 

Babes  in  Healthland . 

Mental  and  Moral  Development  of  Children  (9  groups) 

The  American  Citizen . . 

The  A-l  American  Boy . : . . . 

The  A-l  American  Girl . 

Good  and  Bad  Housing . . . - . 

Health  and  Character  (racial  ideals)... . . 

Mother  Goose  Health  Rhymes . . 

t j 

Communicable  Diseases  (panels) . . . . 

Nutrition . . . 

ATtal  Statistics  (charts  and  panels) . . 


Number  in 
each  set 
10 
26 
12 
10 
8 

45 

25 

10 

10 

6 

.  I  10 
8 

15 

29 

10 


Wall  charts  that  show  the  birth  and  death  rates  for  the  State 
and  for  various  political  units,  such  as  cities  and  counties,  are  avail¬ 
able.  The  death  rate  tabulations  are  made  out  for  various  age 
groups  and  for  various  causes  of  death. 

Note. — Those  who  desire  the  use  of  any  of  the  material  listed 
above  should  make  application  to  the  State  Department  of  Public 
Health  at  least  two  weeks  in  advance  of  date  for  showing. 


Publications 

The  Illinois  Department  of  Public  Health  will  supply  the  follow¬ 
ing  literature  in  reasonable  quantities: 

•“Our  Babies,  How  to  Keep  Them  Well  and  Happy.” 

“Diet  Lists  for  Infants  and  Children.” 

“Milk.” 

“Prenatal  Care  and  Baby’s  Health.” 

“Cause,  Prevention  and  Cure  of  Tuberculosis." 

“Infantile  Paralysis.” 

“How  to  Fight  the  Fly.” 

“Disinfection. 

“Rules  and  Regulations :  Contagious  Diseases.” 

Suggestive  Program  for  Baby  Week 

The  following  program  for  the  week  is  suggestive  and  elastic. 
Certain  features  may  be  elaborated  and  enlarged  while  others  may 
receive  less  attention  or  may  be  omitted  altogether.  The  present 
method  of  the  celebration  of  Baby  Week  is  the  result  of  pioneer  work 


23 


in  many  communities.  These  suggestions  have  been  gathered  to¬ 
gether  from  the  experience  of  past  years  in  many  of  the  states  of  the 
Union.  It  is  especially  urged  that,  when  local  conditions  are  favor¬ 
able,  original  plans  and  features  be  developed  in  every  possible  way. 

While  not  included  in  this  program  it  is  understood  that  the 
scoring  contest,  previously  described  in  these  pages,  will  be  held  dur¬ 
ing  the  week  and  that  the  chief  events  of  the  contest  will  be  coordi¬ 
nated  with  the  general  plan  of  the  week  in  the  manner  which  seems 
most  convenient  and  effective. 

Preliminary  Work.  Preparation  for  baby  week  should  be  be¬ 
gun  several  weeks  in  advance  of  the  selected  date.  This  preliminary 
work  must  include : 

1.  The  appointment  of  all  committees. 

2.  Securing  literature  such  as  described  on  other  pages  of  this 
circular. 

3.  The  definite  arrangement  of  the  program. 

4.  A  careful  study  of  the  birth  registration  in  the  community 
to  ascertain  how  completely  all  births  are  registered. 

5.  A  study  of  infant  mortality  in  the  community. 

6.,  Preparation  of  this  information  relative  to  the  “baby  prob¬ 
lem"  (^>f  the  community  for  use  in  an  exhibit. 

7.  Wide  publicity  relative  to  the  community’s  baby  problem, 
the  scoring  contest  and  a  baby  week  program  through  the  news¬ 
papers. 

8.  Issuance  of  a  proclamation  by  the  mayor  and  health  depart¬ 
ment  making  baby  week  an  official  community  affair. 

The  Program 

First  Day* — Inauguration  Day. 

Mass  meeting  with  address  by  mayor  or  health  officer.  Distri¬ 
bution  of  flags,  or  banners  by  school  children,  open  air  crusades  or 
boy  scouts  to  all  houses  in  which  there  are  babies.  These  flags  will 
be  displayed  all  through  the  week. 

Second  Day — Baby  Sunday. 

The  program  of  the  week  should  be  announced  from  the  pulpit 
in  all  churches.  Physicians  and  members  of  the  baby  week  commit¬ 
tee  may  speak  in  the  churches  explaining  the  aims  and  purposes  of 
the  week.  Special  Sunday  school  celebrations  similar  to  the  “cradle 
roll  celebrations"  observed  in  some  churches.  Special  feature  arti¬ 
cles  in  the  Sunday  newspapers. 

Third  Day — Better  Mothers’  Day. 

A  mass  meeting  of  mothers  during  which  questions  may  be  asked 
the  mothers  and  a  prize  awarded  for  the  best  written  replies.  This 

*1  n  this  program  “Baby  Week"  begins  on  Saturday  and  con¬ 
tinues  six  days. 


\ 


/ 


24 

day  the  mothers  will  visit  all  agencis  for  child  welfare,  such  as  in¬ 
fant  welfare  stations,  day  nurseries,  children’s  hospitals,  open-air 
camps,  etc.,  all  of  which  will  have  open  house  on  that  dav  If  this 
pil  grimage  is  made  in  decorated  automobiles,  much  added  publicity 
will  be  given  to  the  week. 

Fourth  Day — Better  Fathers’  Day. 

Short  meetings  in  shops  and  factories  and  other  men’s  meetings, 
at  which  will  be  discussed  the  obligation  of  fathers,  the  social  evil 
and  all  other  subjects  relative  to  the  father  and  the  child.  The  news¬ 
papers  should  contain  special  articles  on  fathers  and  children. 

Fifth  Day — Little  Mothers’  Day — School  Day. 

Special  celebrations  in  the  schools.  Essay  contests  among 
school  children.  Plays  bearing  upon  child  welfare.  Teaching  infant 
hygiene  to  school  girls. 

Sixth  Day — Permanent  Organization  Day. 

Mass  meeting  to  outline  permanent  follow-up  work.  Opening 
of  a  welfare  station.  Announcement  of  prizes  in  scoring  contest. 

Health  Publicity 

The  fight  against  all  the  preventable  diseases  depends  upon  accu¬ 
rate  knowledge  of  their  causes,  efficient  machinery  of  public  health 
administration,  and  publicity  to  teach  the  people  how  to  avoid  them. 
If  people  do  not  know  what  dangers  threaten  how  can  they  avoid 
them?  How  shall  they  know,  except  through  publicity  and  educa¬ 
tion  ? 

If  people  do  not  know,  for  example,  that  typhoid  fever  is  largely 
a  food  and  water-borne  disease  and  that  every  case  of  typhoid  is  a 
serious  menace  to  the  whole  community  until  it  has  recovered  and 
been  found  by  microscopic  tests  to  be  free  from  typhoid  germs;  if 
people  do  not  understand  why  strict  isolation  of  such  patients,  ef¬ 
ficient  quarantine,  is  the  only  way  to  prevent  its  spread  to  healthy 
individuals;  if  people  do  not  comprehend  that  real  cleanliness  in 
typhoid  fever  means  the  destruction  of  all  the  typhoid  germs  that 
are  given  off  in  the  discharges  of  the  patient;  if  they  do  not  know 
that  it  is  dangerous  for  nurses  to  attend  typhoid  patients  in  a  hos¬ 
pital,  or  anywhere  else,  and  at  the  same  time  care  for  other  patients ; 
if  the  poor  families  and  those  with  little  education  can  not  get  these 
and  other  facts,  vital  to  the  health  of  their  own  households,  and 
therefore,  vital  to  the  community,  how  can  public  health  officials  get 
the  cooperation  that  springs  from  knowledge? 

The  same  question  applies  to  diphtheria,  scarlet  fever,  smallpox, 
tuberculosis  and  other  contagions.  In  all  of  these  diseases  early 
diagnosis  is  the  key  to  their  control.  Prompt  report,  effective  isola¬ 
tion  and  efficient  medical  care  is  the  rest  of  the  story. 

It  is,  therefore,  plain  enough  that  publicity  through  a  wide  use 
of  printers’  ink;  through  the  cooperation  of  the  press  in  all  lan- 


guages ;  through  lantern  slide  demonstrations,  lectures  and  moving 
pictures;  through  health  exhibits,  charts  and  mechanical  devices,  is 
of  greatest  importance  in  the  education  of  the  public.  By  means 
also  of  weekly  and  monthly  and  special  issues  of  bulletins  and  maga¬ 
zines,  published  by  the  health  department,  and  by  educational  cam¬ 
paigns  during  special  days  and  weeks  appointed  by  the  mayor  and 
health  commissioner  our  citizens  come  to  know  the  facts. 

With  such  means  of  publicity  count  upon  churches  and  schools 
and  social  centers,  clubs  and  associations,  social,  commercial,  educa¬ 
tional  and  philanthropical,  to  spread  the  truth.  The  State  Depart¬ 
ment  of  Public  Health  of  Illinois  has  a  Division  of  Child  Hygiene 
and  Public  Health  Nursing,  whose  business  it  is  to  plan  and  conduct 
baby  conferences,  give  talks  on  infant  and  child  hygiene  and  assist  in 
all  child  welfare  work.  When  you  need  help,  write  to  this  Depart¬ 
ment  and  it  will  be  cheerfully  given  to  you. 

Aims  of  Baby-Saving  Work 

The  aims  of  the  baby-saving  work  are  to 

Keep  the  well  babies  well. 

Give  nursing  care  to  sick  babies. 

Teach  the  mothers  the  essentials  of  personal  hygiene  and 
baby  hygiene. 

If  possible  prenatal  care  and  care  of  the  mother  in  confinement 
should  be  added  to  the  plan. 

Essentials  in  Baby-Saving  Work 

A  doctor  and  a  nurse  who  have  been  especially  trained  in  the 
hygiene  and  diseases  of  infancy  are  the  first  requisites.  If  you  can 
add  to  this  an  obstetrician  and  an  obstetrical  nurse  the  plan  is 
greatly  strengthened.  Work  of  this  sort  must  of  necessity  be  done 
under  competent  medical  supervision.  At  the  outset  you  will  want  to 
enlist  the  interest  and  cooperation  of  your  health  department,  of  the 
local  medical  society  and  the  nursing  organizations. 

It  is  desirable  that  the  headquarters  for  the  work  be  in  some 
social  or  neighborhood  center — usually  a  school  building,  a  social 
settlement,  or  a  room  in  a  parish  house  or  church. 

Infant  Welfare  Conference 

/ 

The  first  step  in  the  baby-saving  work  is  usually  the  establish¬ 
ment  of  what  is  known  as  an  “infant  welfare  conference,”  or  a 
“feeding  conference”  for  the  well  babies.  This  is  held  once  a  week, 
or,  if  the  district  is  a  very  congested  one,  more  frequently.  The  in¬ 
terest  of  the  mothers  of  the  neighborhood  is  aroused  and  they  are 
invited  to  bring  their  babies  to  the  conference  which  is  held  at  some 
regular  hour  which  will  not  interfere  with  the  housekeeping  arrange¬ 
ments.  A  necessary  part  of  the  equipment  of  the  conference  room 
is  a  pair  of  baby  scales. 


26 


The  nurse  receives  the  baby,  weighs  it,  enters  its  name  on  a  card, 
records  the  weight,  and  other  information  in  regard  to  it.  Then  she 
passes  the  baby  on  to  the  doctor  who  makes  a  careful  examination 
and  advises  the  mother  as  to  care  and  feeding.  The  mothers  are 
urged  to  bring  their  babies  for  this  examination  and  advice  once  a 
week  and  in  the  meanwhile  to  notify  the  nurse  in  case  of  sickness. 
The  nurse  follows  up  the  visits  to  the  welfare  conference  by  home 
instruction  of  the  mothers  and  home  care  of  the  sick  babies. 

Prenatal  Care  and  Obstetrical  Clinics 

As  the  work  progresses  the  confidence  of  the  mothers  is  won 
more  and  more  by  the  nurse  and  the  doctor.  The  prospective  mother 
also  asks  advice.  This  opens  the  way  for  the  establishment  of  an 
obstetrical  clinic  under  the  care,  of  course,  of  a  physician — man  or 
woman — who  has  had  especial  experience  in  this  branch  of  medicine. 
After  the  mother  lias  made  the  necessary  preliminary  visits  to  the 
clinic  the  nurse  makes  frequent  follow-up  visits  to  the  home,  and 
under  the  direction  of  the  physician  advises  the  expectant  mother  as 
to  diet,  clothing,  etc. 

The  obstetrical  nurse  takes  care  of  the  mother  under  the  direc¬ 
tion  of  the  physician  during  confinement.  When  the  baby  is  twelve 
days  old,  or  as  soon  as  possible  after  that  it  is  registered  at  the  wel¬ 
fare  conference.  As  soon  as  the  mother  is  able  she  begins  attending 
the  conference,  continuing  her  visits  every  week  or  two,  until  the 
baby  is  a  year  old,  or  longer,  if  necessary. 

Plans  Adapted  to  Needs  of  Community 

These  are  the  barest  outlines  of  the  plan  that  is  followed  in  a 
number  of  tlie  organizations  that  are  identified  and  affiliated  with 
the  American  Association.  Nearly  all  of  these  organizations  are  in 
touch  with  hospitals — either  hospitals  which  have  obstetrical  clinics, 
or  which  have  maternity  wards,  or  in  case  of  the  babies  themselves, 
hospitals  that  are  for  the  very  sick  cases  that  can  not  be  properly 
cared  for  at  home. 

Study  of  Local  Conditions — A  Necessary  Preliminary  Step 

A  necessary  preliminary  step  for  any  organization  that  is  going 
to  undertake  carefully  planned  baby-saving  work  is  a  study  of  local 
conditions — that  is  so  far  as  they  relate  to  the  care  and  welfare  of 
the  mothers  and  babies  in  that  particular  community.  If  a  study  or 
survey  of  this  sort  is  undertaken,  the  following  steps  are  desirable : 

Points  to  be  Considered  in  Study  of  Local  Conditions 

1.  Enlist  the  interest  of  your  Health  Officer,  and 

Find  out  from  him  whether  the  law  requiring  the  registration 

of  births  is  enforced. 


Get  an  estimate  of  the  total  number  of  births  each  year. 

Find  out  how  many  births  were  reported  last  year  by  midwives 
and  how  many  by  physicians. 

Check  up  the  figures  obtained  from  the  Health  Department  by 
finding  out  whether  the  births  of  the  babies  in  your  own  ac¬ 
quaintance  have  been  registered.  (For  detailed  suggestions  in 
regard  to  Birth  Registration  tests  write  to  the  Children's  Bureau, 
Washington,  for  copies  of  the  pamphlets  published  by  the  Bureau 
on  this  subject.) 

Find  out  the  total  number  of  deaths  of  children  under  one  year, 
each  year,  for  the  last  three  years.  Compare  this  with  the  num¬ 
ber  of  births  reported  each  year. 

Find  out  the  total  number  of  deaths,  last  year,  under  one  vear 
during  the  summer  months.  Compare  this  with  the  number 
during  the  winter  months. 

Find  out  the  number  of  deaths,  last  year,  during  the  first  day 
and  first  month  of  life. 

If  possible  get  the  figures  by  districts  and  they  will  show  you 
where  the  need  for  preventive  and  educational  work  among  the 
mothers  is  greatest. 

2.  Look  into  the  quality  of  the  milk  that  is  available  for  the  babies 
who  have  to  be  bottle  fed. 

3.  Find  out  what  hospital  care  is  available  for  sick  babies. 

4.  Find  out  whether  any  visiting  nursing  is  done. 

5.  Find  out  what  provision  is  made  for  prenatal  care  or  the  in¬ 
struction  of  the  expectant  mother. 

Find  out  the  character  of  the  obstetrical  service  available. 

How  many  midwives  practice  in  your  city  or  town. 

How  is  their  practice  regulated. 

What  hospital  provision  have  you  for  obstetrical  care. 

Is  any  provision  made  by  the  hospital  or  by  any  organization  for 
the  care  of  the  mother  in  her  own  home  during  confinement? 

This  information  will  show  you  what  agencies  are  already  in 
existence  and  where  the  need  for  welfare  work  for  mother  and  baby 
is  greatest.  Having  obtained  it  you  will  be  ready  to  formulate  plans 
that  are  best  adapted  to  the  needs  of  your  community. 

Is  Your  Child’s  Birth  Recorded?  It  Is  Important  That  It  Should  Be. 

To  prove  his  age  and  citizenship. 

To  prove  his  right  to  go  to  school. 

To  prove  his  right  to  work. 

To  prove  his  right  to  an  inheritance. 

To  prove  his  right  to  marry. 

To  prove  his  right  to  hold  office. 

To  prove  his  right  to  secure  passports  for  foreign  travel. 

To  prove  his  mother’s  right  to  a  widow’s  pension. 


> 


V 


28 


The  War  and  Birth  Registration 

The  drafting  of  thousands  of  men  for  military  service  has  em¬ 
phasized  the  need  for  more  complete  birth  registration.  Young  men 
have  been  confronted  with  the  necessity  of  furnishing  proof  of  age 
and  citizenship,  and  have  found  proof  lacking  on  account  of  faulty 
laws  or  imperfect  enforcement  of  the  law. 

/ 

USEFUL  BOOKS 
The  Mother 

Sadler,  Drs.  W.  L.  &  L.  K.,  The  Mother  and  Her  Child.  A.  C. 
McClurg  &  Co.,  Chicago,  Ill.,  1917,  $1.75. 

Slemons,  Dr.  J.  M.,  The  Prospective  Mother.  D.  Appleton  & 
Co.,  Yew  York,  Y.  Y.,  1918,  $1.75. 

West,  Mrs.  Max.  Prenatal  Care.  U.  S.  Children’s  Bureau, 
Washington,  D.  C.,  1913,  free. 

i  «  • 

The  Baby 

East,  C.  W.  Diet  Lists  for  Feeding  Infants  and  Young  Chil¬ 
dren.  Dept.  Public  Health,  Division  Child  Hygiene,  Springfield, 
Illinois. 

Grulee,  Dr.  C.  G.  Infant  Feeding.  W.  B.  Saunders  Co.,  Phil¬ 
adelphia,  Pa.,  1917,  $2.75.  (Manual  for  nurses  and  doctors.) 

Holt,  Dr.  L.  E.  CxiRE  and  Feeding  of  Children.  D.  Appleton 
&  Co.,  Yew  York,  Y.  Y.,  1918,  85c. 

Kerley,  Dr.  C.  G.  Short  Talks  With  Young  Mothers.  G.  P. 
Putnam’s  Sons,  YeAV  York,  Y.  Y.,  1918,  $1.00. 

Ramsey,  Dr.  W.  R.  Care  and  Feeding  of  Infants  and  Chil¬ 
dren.  J.  B.  Lippincott  Co.,  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  1916,  $2.00.  (Man¬ 
ual  for  nurses.) 

Weddell,  Dr.  Francis.  How  to  Take  Care  of  tile  Baby.  Bobbs- 
Merrill  Co.,  Indianapolis,  Ind.,  1915,  75c. 

West,  Mrs.  Max.  Infant  Care.  U.  S.  Children’s  Bureau,  Wash¬ 
ington,  D.  C.,  1911,  free. 

The  Child 

Drummond,  Dr.  W.  B.  Ti-ie  Child;  His  Yature  and  Yurture. 
E.  P.  Dutton  &  Co.,  Yew  York,  Y.  Y.,  1916,  $1.00. 

Furst,  M.  L.  &  Vanderbilt,  S.  S.  Dietary  for  Children.  Ya- 
tional  Federation  of  Dav  Yurseries,  Yew  York,  (105  East  22d  St.,) 
Y.  Y.,  1918,  10c. 

Hunt,  C.  L.  School  Lunches.  U.  S.  Department  of  Agricul¬ 
ture,  Washington,  D.  C.,  Farmer’s  Bulletin  712,  1916,  free. 

Hunt,  C.  L.  Food  for  Young  Children.  U.  S.  Department  of 
Agriculture,  Washington,  D.  C.,  Farmer’s  Bulletin  717,  1916,  free. 


29 


Mendenhall,  Dr.  D.  R.  &  Daniels,  A.  L.  What  to  Feed  the 
Children.  College  of  Agriculture,  University  of  Wisconsin,  Madi¬ 
son,  Wis.,  free. 

Terman,  Dr.  L.  M.  Hygiene  of  the  School  Child.  Houghton, 
Mifflin  Co.,  Boston,  Mass.,  1917,  $1.75. 

West,  Mrs.  Max.  Child  Care.  IJ.  S.  Children’s  Bureau,  Wash¬ 
ington,  D.  C.,  1918,  free. 

General 

Delano,  *J.  A.  &  Mclsaac,  Isabel.  American  Red  Cross  Text¬ 
book  on  Elementary  Hygiene  and  Home  Care  of  the  Sick.  P. 
Blakiston’s  Son  &  Co.,  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  1918,  $1.00. 

Lippert,  Dr.  F.  E.  &  Holmes,  Dr.  Arthur.  When  to  Send  for 
the  Doctor.  J.  B.  Lippincott  Co.,  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  1913,  $1.25. 

Meigs,  Dr.  G.  L.  Maternal  Mortality.  U.  S.  Children’s  Bu¬ 
reau,  Washington,  D.  C.,  1917,  free. 

Mendenhall,  Dr.  D.  R.  Milk  the  Indispensable  Food  for  Chil¬ 
dren.  U.  S.  Children’s  Bureau,  Washington,  D.  C.,  1918,  free. 

Rose,  Mrs.  M.  S.  Feeding  the  Family.  The  Macmillan  Co., 
New  York,  N.  Y.,  1916,  $2.10. 

Stimpson,  Dr.  W.  G.  Prevention  of  Disease  and  Care  of  the 
Sick.  U.  S.  Public  Health  Service,  Washington,  D.  C.,  1917,  free. 


Illinois  Standard  of  Weights  and  Measurements  of  Normal  Children 

Prepared  by  the  STATE  DEPARTMENT  OF  PUBLIC  HEALTH 


MALES 


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17! 

17* 

18* 

°  8 

5! 

Cl 
°  8 

4* 

4* 

5 

11! 

11* 

12* 

13* 

12* 

13* 

14 

15 

30i*29f 

30* 

21* 

20* 

23* 

18* 

18* 

18! 

18* 

17* 

18* 

17* 

17* 

18* 

S1 

5! 

S? 
0  8 

4* 

4i 

5 

11* 

11! 

12! 

13* 

12* 

13* 

15 

16 

b>*|30 

31 

22* 

21 

24 

18* 

18* 

18! 

18! 

17* 

18* 

17* 

17! 

18* 

5* 

5* 

6 

4* 

4* 

5 

12 

11* 

12* 

13* 

13* 

14* 

if 

17 

30*  30* 

31* 

22* 

21* 

24* 

18* 

18* 

18* 

18* 

18 

19 

18 

17* 

18* 

5* 

5* 

6 

4* 

4* 

5 

12* 

11! 

12f 

13* 

13* 

14| 

17 

18 

3H  30! 

3  If 

23* 

21* 

24* 

18* 

18* 

18* 

18f 

18* 

19* 

18* 

17! 

18! 

S1 

°  8 

6* 

4* 

41 

5 

12* 

ii* 

12* 

14 

13* 

14* 

18 

19 

31*31 

32 

23* 

22* 

25* 

18* 

18* 

18* 

18f 

18* 

19* 

18* 

17* 

18* 

6 

C  3 
O  4 

6* 

4* 

45 
■*  8 

5* 

12* 

HI 

12* 

14* 

13* 

14* 

19 

20 

32  31* 

32* 

24* 

22f 

25* 

18f 

18* 

18* 

18* 

18* 

19* 

18* 

17* 

18* 

6 

5* 

6* 

4 1 
^8 

41 

^8 

5* 

12! 

12* 

13* 

14* 

14 

15 

20 

01 

L  1 

331J 

32* 

24* 

23* 

26* 

18* 

18* 

19 

18* 

18f 

19! 

18* 

18 

19 

6 

5* 

6* 

41 
*  8 

4! 

5* 

12* 

12* 

13* 

14* 

14* 

15* 

21 

22 

32*02* 

33* 

25* 

23* 

26* 

18* 

18! 

19* 

18* 

18* 

19f 

181 

18 

19 

6* 

5* 

6! 

4.1 

^8 

4! 

5* 

13 

12* 

13* 

14* 

14* 

15! 

22 

23 

32f 

33* 

25* 

24* 

27* 

19 

18* 

19* 

19 

18* 

19* 

18f 

18* 

19* 

6* 

5* 

6! 

41 
**  81 

45 

^8 

5* 

13* 

12* 

13* 

15* 

14! 

15! 

23 

24 

'  32* 

33* 

26* 

24* 

27* 

19 

18* 

19* 

19* 

18f 

19! 

18* 

18* 

19* 

6* 

C  7 

°'8 

6! 

4* 

4! 

5* 

13! 

12* 

13* 

15* 

14* 

15* 

24 

25 

33* 33* 

34* 

26* 

25* 

28* 

19 

18* 

19* 

19* 

18f 

19! 

18* 

18* 

19* 

6* 

6 

6* 

4* 

4! 

5* 

13* 

13 

14 

15* 

15 

16 

25 



33  s  33  § 

34* 

27* 

25* 

28* 

19* 

18* 

19f 

19* 

18* 

19* 

18* 

18f 

19* 

6* 

6 

6* 

41 

8 

4! 

5* 

13! 

13* 

14* 

15f 

15* 

16* 

26 

27 

34  |33* 

34* 

27* 

25* 

28* 

19* 

18* 

19* 

19* 

18* 

19* 

18* 

18! 

19! 

6* 

6 

6* 

4 1 

4! 

5* 

13* 

13* 

14* 

15* 

15* 

16f 

27 

28 

34*134 

35 

27* 

26* 

29* 

19* 

18* 

19  § 

19* 

19 

20 

19 

18* 

19* 

6* 

6 

6* 

4 1 

4! 

5* 

13* 

13! 

14f 

16* 

15f 

16! 

28 

?Q 

3  '  "  * 

35* 

27* 

26* 

29* 

19* 

18* 

19! 

19* 

19 

20 

19 

18* 

19* 

6* 

6 

6* 

41 

^8 

4! 

5* 

13* 

13! 

14! 

16* 

15* 

16* 

29 

1.! 

35* 

28* 

26* 

29* 

19* 

19 

19* 

19! 

19* 

20* 

19* 

18! 

19f 

6* 

6 

6* 

5 

4* 

5* 

14 

13* 

14* 

16! 

15* 

16* 

30 

31  . 

35*  341 

35* 

28* 

27* 

30* 

19* 

19 

19* 

19f 

19* 

20* 

19* 

18f 

19f 

6* 

6 

6* 

5 

4* 

5* 

14 

13* 

14* 

16f 

16* 

17* 

31 

32 

35*134* 

35* 

29 

27* 

30* 

19* 

19 

19* 

19! 

19* 

20* 

19* 

18! 

19f 

6* 

6 

6* 

5 

4* 

5* 

14* 

13f 

14! 

16* 

16* 

17* 

32 

35f 35* 

36* 

29* 

27f 

30* 

19* 

19 

19* 

19* 

19* 

20* 

19* 

18* 

19* 

6! 

6* 

6! 

5 

4* 

5* 

14* 

13* 

14* 

16* 

16* 

17* 

33 

36*135* 

6* 

30* 

28f 

31! 

19* 

19* 

19! 

19* 

19* 

20* 

19* 

18* 

19* 

6! 

6* 

6! 

5 

4* 

5* 

14! 

13* 

14* 

16* 

16* 

17! 

34 

35 

36*36 

37 

30* 

28* 

31* 

19* 

19* 

19f 

19* 

19* 

20* 

19f 

18* 

19* 

6! 

6* 

6! 

5 

4* 

5* 

14* 

14 

15 

17 

16* 

17* 

35 

^6 

36*36*37* 

30* 

29 

32 

19* 

19* 

19! 

19* 

19* 

20* 

19f 

18* 

19* 

6! 

6* 

6! 

5 

4* 

5* 

14! 

14* 

15* 

17* 

16f 

17! 

36 

36*  36; 

37* 

30* 

29* 

32* 

19*19* 

19* 

19* 

19! 

20! 

19* 

19 

20 

6! 

6* 

6f 

5 

4* 

5* 

14* 

14* 

15* 

17* 

16* 

17* 

37 

38' 

37  36* 

37* 

31 

29* 

32* 

19* 

19* 

19* 

19* 

19f 

20! 

19* 

19 

20 

6! 

6* 

6! 

5 

4* 

5* 

14* 

14* 

15* 

17! 

16* 

17* 

38 

37* 36* 

37* 

3*1* 

30* 

33* 

19* 

19* 

19* 

20 

19* 

20* 

19* 

19 

20 

6! 

6* 

6! 

5 

4* 

5* 

14* 

14! 

15! 

17* 

17 

18 

39 

40 

3  7  *,3  7 

38 

32 

30* 

33* 

19* 

19* 

19* 

20* 

19f 

20f 

19! 

19* 

20* 

6! 

6* 

6! 

5 

4* 

5* 

15 

14* 

15* 

17* 

17* 

18* 

40 

4  r 

37-37* 

38* 

32* 

30* 

33* 

19* 

19* 

19* 

20* 

19! 

20! 

19! 

19* 

20* 

6! 

6* 

6  8 

5 

4* 

5* 

15* 

14! 

15f 

18 

17* 

18* 

41 

42 

38  ,37* 

38* 

32* 

31 

34 

19* 

19* 

19* 

20* 

19! 

20! 

19* 

19* 

20* 

6! 

6* 

6! 

5 

4* 

5* 

15* 

14* 

15* 

18* 

17! 

18! 

42 

43 

38*, 37* 

38* 

32* 

31* 

34* 

19* 

19* 

19* 

20* 

19* 

20* 

19* 

19* 

20* 

6! 

6* 

6! 

5* 

41 

5! 

15! 

14* 

15* 

18* 

17* 

18* 

43 

44 

38*|38 

39 

33 

31* 

34* 

19* 

19* 

19* 

20* 

19* 

20* 

19* 

19* 

20* 

6! 

6* 

6! 

5* 

4* 

C  3 
°  8 

15* 

15 

16 

18! 

17* 

18* 

44 

45 

38|38* 

39* 

33* 

31* 

34* 

19! 

19* 

19* 

20* 

19* 

20* 

19* 

19! 

20! 

6* 

6* 

6* 

5* 

4* 

C  3 
^8 

15* 

15 

16 

18* 

18 

19 

45 

46; 

38*138* 

39* 

33* 

32 

35 

19* 

19* 

20 

20* 

19* 

20* 

20 

19* 

20* 

6* 

6* 

6* 

5* 

47 

Si 

15! 

15* 

16* 

18! 

18* 

19* 

46 

47 

38||38f 

39* 

33* 

32* 

35* 

19* 

19* 

20 

20! 

19* 

20* 

20 

19* 

20* 

6* 

6* 

6* 

5* 

41 

^8 

s3 

15! 

15* 

16* 

18* 

18* 

19* 

47 

48 

39*|38* 

39* 

34* 

32* 

35* 

19* 

19* 

20 

20f 

19* 

20* 

20 

19* 

20* 

6* 

6* 

6* 

5* 

41 

si 

8 

15* 

15* 

16* 

18* 

18! 

19* 

48 

49 

39*39 

40 

34* 

33* 

36* 

19* 

19* 

20 

20| 

19* 

20* 

20* 

19! 

20f 

6* 

6* 

6* 

5* 

41 

8 

S  3 
0  8 

15* 

15! 

16! 

19* 

18f 

19! 

49 

50 

39*  39* 

40* 

35* 

33* 

36* 

19* 

19* 

20 

20* 

20 

21 

20* 

19! 

20| 

6* 

6* 

6* 

5* 

41 

^8 

S  3 
°  8 

15* 

15! 

16* 

19* 

18* 

19* 

50 

51 

39*391 

40* 

36 

34* 

37* 

19* 

19* 

20 

20* 

20 

21 

20* 

19f 

20! 

6* 

6* 

6* 

5* 

4* 

Si 

16 

15* 

16* 

19* 

19 

20 

51 

5;> 

40*39* 

40* 

36* 

34* 

37* 

19* 

19* 

20 

20* 

20 

21 

20* 

19* 

20* 

6* 

6* 

6* 

5* 

41 

^8 

S  3 
0  8 

16* 

15! 

16! 

19f 

19* 

20* 

52 

53 

40|,39* 

40* 

36* 

35* 

38* 

19* 

19* 

20 

20* 

20 

21 

20* 

19* 

20* 

6* 

6* 

6* 

5* 

5 

5* 

16* 

15f 

16! 

19* 

19* 

20* 

53 

-  54 

401,40* 

41* 

37* 

36 

39 

19* 

19f 

20* 

20* 

20 

21 

20* 

19* 

20* 

6! 

6! 

6* 

5* 

5 

5* 

16* 

15* 

16* 

19* 

19! 

20* 

54 

55 

40*40f 

41* 

38 

36* 

39* 

19* 

19! 

20* 

20! 

20* 

21* 

20* 

19* 

20* 

6! 

6f 

6* 

5* 

5 

5* 

16! 

15* 

16* 

20 

19* 

20* 

55 

56 

41  40* 

41* 

38* 

37 

40 

19* 

19* 

20* 

20! 

20* 

21* 

20* 

19* 

20* 

6! 

6! 

6* 

5* 

5 

5* 

16! 

15* 

16* 

20* 

19* 

20* 

56 

5/ 

41*140* 

41* 

39 

37* 

40* 

19* 

19* 

20* 

20! 

20* 

21* 

20! 

19* 

20* 

6! 

6! 

6* 

5* 

5 

5* 

16* 

16 

17 

20! 

19* 

20* 

57 

58 

41*40* 

41* 

39* 

38 

41 

19* 

19f 

20* 

20! 

20* 

21* 

20f 

19* 

20* 

6f 

6! 

6* 

5* 

5 

5* 

16! 

16* 

17* 

20f 

20* 

21* 

58 

59 

41|41* 

42* 

40 

38* 

41* 

19* 

19* 

20* 

20* 

20* 

21* 

20! 

19* 

20* 

6* 

6* 

7 

5* 

5 

5* 

16f 

16* 

17* 

20* 

20* 

21* 

59 

60 

41* 41* 

42* 

40* 

39 

42 

19* 

19| 

20* 

20* 

20* 

21* 

20! 

19* 

20* 

6* 

6* 

7 

5* 

5 

5* 

16* 

16* 

17* 

20* 

20! 

21! 

60 

61 

41*0 

rZ  § 

40* 

39* 

42* 

20 

19* 

20* 

20* 

20* 

21* 

20! 

19* 

20* 

6* 

6* 

7 

5* 

5 

5* 

16* 

16* 

17! 

21 

20* 

21* 

61 

62 

4^  41* 

42* 

41* 

39* 

42* 

20 

19* 

20* 

20* 

20* 

21* 

20* 

20 

21 

6* 

6* 

7 

5* 

5 

5* 

17 

16* 

17* 

21* 

20f 

21! 

62 

68 

42*41* 

42| 

41* 

40* 

43* 

20 

19* 

20* 

20* 

20* 

21* 

20* 

20 

21 

6* 

6* 

7 

5* 

5 

5* 

17* 

16f 

17! 

21* 

20* 

21* 

63 

64 

42*141* 

42* 

42* 

40* 

43* 

20 

19* 

20* 

20* 

20* 

21! 

20* 

20 

21 

6* 

6* 

7 

5* 

5 

5* 

17* 

16*117* 

21! 

20* 

21* 

64 

6-5 

42*141* 

42* 

42* 

41* 

44* 

20 

19* 

20* 

20* 

20! 

21! 

20* 

20 

21 

6* 

6* 

7 

5* 

5 

5* 

17* 

16* 

17* 

21* 

21 

22 

65 

66 

42  v  42 

43 

43 

41* 

44* 

20 

19* 

20* 

20* 

20! 

21! 

20* 

20 

21 

6* 

6* 

7 

5! 

5* 

5! 

17! 

16* 

17* 

21! 

21* 

22* 

66 

67 

42*  42* 

43* 

43* 

41* 

44* 

20 

19* 

20* 

20* 

20f 

21f 

20* 

20 

21 

•6* 

6* 

7 

D  8 

5* 

0  8 

17* 

17 

18 

21* 

21! 

22! 

67 

68 

42*!42* 

43* 

43f 

42* 

45* 

20* 

19* 

20* 

21 

20* 

21* 

20* 

20 

21 

6* 

6! 

7* 

S  3 
°  8 

5* 

C5 

°8 

17f 

17* 

18* 

22* 

7  1  5 
Z  1  8 

22f 

68 

69 

42*  42* 

43* 

43* 

42* 

45* 

20* 

19* 

20f 

21 

20* 

21* 

20f 

20* 

21* 

6* 

6! 

7* 

r  3 
^8 

5* 

Si 

17* 

17* 

18* 

22* 

21* 

22* 

69 

70 

43*42! 

43* 

44 

42* 

45* 

20* 

19* 

20f 

21 

20* 

21* 

20! 

20* 

21* 

6* 

6! 

7  * 

S  3 
°  8 

5* 

S& 
°  8 

17* 

17f,18! 

22* 

21* 

22* 

70 

71 

43*42* 

43* 

44* 

42* 

45* 

20* 

19* 

20! 

21 

20* 

211 

20! 

20* 

21* 

6* 

6! 

7* 

C  3 
'  8 

5* 

S  3 

18 

17*  18* 

22* 

22 

23 

71 

72 

43  *  43 

44 

[44* 

43 

46 

20* 

19* 

20! 

21 

20* 

21* 

20! 

20* 

21* 

6* 

6f 

7* 

5! 

5* 

5! 

18* 

1 7f  •  18f 

22f 

22* 

23* 

72 

Height  and  Weight  Table  for  Boys 


Hgt. 

Ins. 

5 

Yrs. 

6 

Yrs. 

7 

Yrs. 

8 

Yrs. 

9 

Yrs. 

10 

Yrs. 

11 

Yrs. 

12 

Yrs. 

13 

Yrs. 

14 

Yrs. 

15 

Yrs. 

16 

Yrs. 

17 

Yrs. 

18 

Yrs. 

39 

35 

36 

37 

40 

37 

38 

39 

41 

39 

40 

41 

42 

41 

42 

43 

44 

43 

43 

44 

45 

46 

44 

45 

46 

46 

47 

45 

47 

47 

48 

48 

49 

46 

48 

49 

50 

50 

51 

47 

51 

52 

52 

53 

54 

48 

53 

54 

55 

55 

56 

57 

49 

55 

56 

57 

58 

58 

59 

50 

58 

59 

60 

60 

61 

62 

51 

60 

61 

62 

63 

64 

65 

52 

62 

63 

64 

65 

67 

68 

53 

66 

67 

68 

69 

70. 

71 

54 

69 

70 

71 

72 

73 

74 

55 

73 

74 

75 

76 

77 

78 

56 

77 

78 

79 

80 

81 

82 

57 

81 

82 

83 

84 

85 

86 

58 

84 

85 

86 

87 

88 

90 

91 

59 

87 

88 

89 

90 

92 

94 

96 

97 

60 

91 

92 

93 

94 

97 

99 

101 

102 

61 

95 

97 

99 

102 

104 

106 

108 

110 

62 

100 

102 

104 

106 

109 

111 

113 

116 

63 

105 

107 

109 

111 

114 

115 

117 

119 

64 

113 

115 

117 

118 

119 

120 

122 

65 

120 

122 

123 

124 

125 

126 

66 

125 

126 

127 

128 

129 

130 

67 

130 

131 

132 

133 

134 

135 

68 

134 

135 

136 

137 

138 

139 

69 

138 

139 

140 

141 

142 

143 

70 

142 

144 

145 

146 

147 

71 

147 

149 

150 

151 

152 

72 

152 

154 

155 

156 

157 

73 

157 

159 

160 

161 

162 

74 

162 

164 

165 

166 

167 

75 

169 

170 

171 

172 

76 

174 

175 

176 

177 

Height  and  Weight  Table  for  Girls 


Hgt. 

Ins. 

5 

Yrs. 

6 

Yrs. 

7 

Yrs. 

8 

Yrs. 

9 

Yrs. 

10 

Yrs. 

11 

Yrs, 

12 

Yrs. 

14 

Yrs. 

15 

Yrs. 

16 

Yrs. 

17 

Yrs. 

18 

Yrs. 

39 

34 

35 

36 

• 

40 

36 

37 

38 

41 

38 

39 

40 

* 

! 

42 

40 

41 

42 

43  ' 

43 

42 

42 

43 

44 

44 

44 

45 

45 

46 

45 

46 

47 

47 

48 

49 

46 

48 

48 

49 

50 

51 

47 

49 

50 

51 

52 

53 

48 

51 

52 

53 

54 

55 

56 

49 

53 

54 

55 

56 

57 

58 

50 

56 

57 

58 

59 

60 

61 

51 

59 

60 

61 

62 

63 

64 

52 

62 

63 

64 

65 

66 

67 

53 

66 

67 

68 

68 

69 

70 

54 

68 

69 

70 

71 

72 

73 

55 

72 

73 

74 

75 

76 

77 

56 

76 

77 

78 

79 

80 

81 

57 

81 

82 

83 

84 

85 

86 

58 

85 

86 

87 

88 

89 

90 

91 

59 

89 

90 

91 

93 

94 

95 

96 

98 

60 

94 

95 

97 

99 

100 

102 

104 

106 

61 

99 

101 

102 

104 

106 

108 

109 

111 

62 

104 

106 

107 

109 

111 

113 

114 

115 

63 

109 

111 

112 

113 

115 

117 

118 

119 

64 

115 

117 

118 

119 

120 

121 

122 

65 

117 

119 

120 

122 

123 

124 

12. 

66 

113 

121 

122 

124 

126 

127 

128 

67 

124 

126 

127 

128 

129 

130 

68 

126 

128 

130 

132 

133 

134 

69 

129 

131 

133 

135 

136 

137 

70 

134 

136 

138 

139 

140 

71 

138 

140 

142 

143 

144 

72 

145 

147 

148 

149 

t 


* 


